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Chapter 5: Tissues and Primary Growth of Stems (external organizations of…
Chapter 5: Tissues and Primary Growth of Stems
stem growth & differentiation
apical meristems
cells divide
cytokinesis
mitosis
subapical meristem
just below the apical meristem
cells
divide
grow
external organizations of stems
phyllotaxy
positioning of leaves
bud scales
modified leaves
protects inside organs
leaf axil
stem
nodes
where leaves are attached
internodes
regions between nodes
auxiliary buds
juvenile leaves
terminal bud
tip of each stem
rhizomes
allows plants to spread underground
ex: bamboo
tubers
horizontal
grows for short periods of time
ex: potatoes
basic types of cells and tissues
parenchyma
alive at maturity
primary walls are thin
parenchyma tissue = mass of parenchyma cells
many functions
collenchyma
uneven thick walls
alive at maturity
provides plastic support
sclerenchyma
involved in water transport
mostly dead at maturity
provides elastic support
primary and secondary walls
sclereids
fibers
internal organization of stems
epidermis
properties
waterproofing
ingested by
animals
fungi
bacteria
cortex
inside of epidermis
vascular tissues
xylem
conducts
water and minerals
phloem
distributes
sugars and minerals
vascular bundles
xylem & phloem occur together
