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Chemical tests (Cations (Ca2+ (PPT (White (Pb2+ (Excess NaOH (Soluble,…
Chemical tests
Cations
Ca2+
Add NaOH
NO PPT
NH4+
PPT
White
Pb2+
Excess NaOH
Soluble
Zn2+
Al3+
Pb2+
Insoluble
Ca2+, Mg2+
Al3+
Ca2+
Zn2+
Mg2+
Colour
Blue: Cu2+
Green Fe2+
Brown Fe3+
Add NH3
NO PPT
PPt
White
Excess Nh3
Soluble : Zn2+
Insoluble : Mg2+, Al3+, Pb2+
Pb2+
Al3+
Zn2+
Mg3+
Colour
Cu2+ :blue
Green : Fe2+
Brown : Fe3+
Ca2+
Mg2+
Cu2+
AL3+
Pb2+
Zn2+
Fe2+
Fe3+
NH4+
Gas
Hydrogen
Squeaky pop test
Squeaky pop if hydrogen is present
Oxygen
A glowing wooden splint relights in a test tube of oxygen
Relighted spling
Carbon dioxide
Bubble into lime water
turns cloudy
Ammonia
damp red litmus paper turns blie
red to blue, pungent smell
Chlorine
damp blue litmus to red
Blue to red
water
Add anhydrous copper sulfate
Gets hydrated and turns blue
Anions
Unknown
Add HNO3
Gas produced
Yes
Carbonate
No
Add Barium chloride
white
SO4^2-
Silver nitrate
Cream
BR-
White
CL-
Colourless
SO4^2-
Yellow
I -