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Layers of the Sole of the Foot Muscles (1st Layer (Abductor digit minimi,…
Layers of the Sole of the Foot Muscles
1st Layer
Abductor digit minimi
A: Abducts and flexes little toe
O: Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus; plantar aponeurosis; intermuscular septa
I: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5 digit
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
I: Both sides of middle phalanges of lateral 4 digits
A: Flexes lateral 4 digits
O: Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; flexor retinaculum; intermuscular septa
Abductor Hallicus
A: Abducts and flexes 1st digit
O: Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosis
I: Medial Side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
2nd Layer
Quadratus Plantae
I: Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus
A: Assist flexor digitorum longus in flexing lateral 4 digits
O: Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneus
Lumbricals
I: Medial aspect of expansion over lateral 4 digits
A: Flex proximal phalanges; extend middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
O: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
3rd Layer
Adductor Hallicus
O: Transverse Head: Plantar ligaments of MTP joints
I: Tendons of both heads attach to lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
O: Oblique Head - Bases of metatarsals 2-4
A: Adduct 1st digit; assists to transverse arch of foot by metatarsals medially
Flexor digiti Minimi Brevis
I: Base of Proximal of 5th digit
A: Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit; thereby assisting with its flexion
O: Base of 5th metatarsal
Flexor Hallicus Brevis
I: Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of 1st digit
Flexes proximal phalanx of 1st digit
O: Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms
4th Layer
Dorsal Interossei
I: 1st: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit
I: 2nd-4th: lateral sides of 2nd-4th digits
O: Adjacent sides of shafts of metatarsals 1-5
A: Abducts digits 2-4 and flex MTP joints
Plantar Interossei
I: Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3-5
O: Plantar aspect of medial sides of shafts of metatarsals 3-5
A: Adducts digits 3-5 and flex MTP joints