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Land3007 (Factors affecting land use (sustainability. 2 examples of land…
Land3007
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Climate resources
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Climate Change
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increasing global temps, atmospheric CO2
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possible consequences
- water vapour creates more clouds
positive feedback loop between a small increase in CO2 -> small increase in temp -> more water vapour -> exacerbates temp increases
- wetter/ drier
- warmer/ colder
warming feedback loop possible from release of methane from melting permafrost and stores on underwater continental shelves
- rise in CO2 boosts plant growth
- SLR inundation
- change in conveyor belt circulation
- more extreme and erratic climate
responses
geo-engineering
- reflective sulfate aerosols
- carbon sequestration in deep sea, rocks, forest
- cloud seeding
mitigation of emissions
- people seek contentment with living standard before climate action
- address countries with high emissions per capita rather than just biggest total emitters
- Aus economy invested in fossil fuels, blames other countries that contribute more to total emissions, but we have high per-capita emissions and responsibility nonetheless
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Land resources
soil resource
types of degradation and remedies
- acidification - lime
- salinisation - drainage
- nutrient loss - fertliser
- compaction/ crusting - ripping
- waterlogging - drainage
- aridification - irrigation
- erosion - earthmoving
causes of degradation
- taking without replenishing the system
** more and more due to pop growth
- e.g. not fertilizing organically, damaging microbes
- i.e. deforestaton, overgrazing, agricultural mismanagement, overexploitation
- farming marginal land
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'best management practice' in agriculture has changed over time
- obliged landclearing -> tillage, long fallow -> herbicides, opportunity cropping, increase SOM (stubble retention), WUE -> ?? address roundup resistance, address hydrology depletion, economy acknowledges existence value
Water resources
soil water management is the main issue for crop sustainability in Australia
- have overcome nutrient limitations through history with superphosphate (1900-1950), Haber Bosch nitrogen and legume rotations (1950-present)
fossil water will not be replenished after extraction e.g. Great Artesian Basin (extraction > recharge)
- but note the issue of double accounting when calculating water quantity b/c water changes from surface to underground constantly vice versa