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Crime and Punishment assessment 1 (Normans (Law enforcement (Parish…

- - - - Community law enforcement
      - Voluntary
      - Lead the tithings or raised the hue and cry
    - - Would appoint forest rangers to look out for anyone disobeying rules
      - Would receive bits of land by the king.
    - - The sheriff forced all local men to join a posse to chase criminals (similar to tithings)
      - Criminal would be put on trial in local shire court.
      - If the crime is more serious, they would be locked up until a travelling judge comes.
    - - Shared judgements with eachother
      - Made the law more consistent
      - Known as circuit judges as travelled around a circuit or town
    - - Coroner
        
        To investigate sudden or unusual deaths
        
        Collected local taxes and decided if someone could claim 'benefit of sanctuary'
      - Keepers of peace
        
        Rich local men (knights) who were in charge of the law for their local area.
        
        Rewarded with land or money
        
        Later on known as justices of the peace or magistrate
  - - - To hunt wild pigs and deer
      - Collecting food eaten by pigs and deer
      - Cutting down trees
      - Owning bow and arrows if you lived near a woodland
      - Owning a dog with sharp claws if you lived near woodlands
    - - Villages were fined (the murdrum fine) if a dead Norman was found on their land
      - Harsh punishment if a Saxon killed a Norman
      - Village was fined if they failed to report the death of a Norman.
    - - Sexual activity outside marriage (adultery) or before marriage
      - Not following church laws
  - - - To show that Normans were religious.
    - - So Normans were able hunt easier
    - - Murdrum fine
        
        So the Normans can get more money
      - To make the Saxons fear them
- - - - Rape
      - Assault
        
        Physical or spoken attack on someone
      - Murder
      - 18% of crime in this period involved violence, many of them of them would be a crime against the person
    - - Arson
        
        Deliberately setting fire to a building or land
      - Theft
        
        Stealing
      - Robbery
        
        Theft involving violence while the victim is there.
      - Poaching
        
        Stealing or killing animals on someone else property
      - 73% of crimes in this period involved small scale theft (petty theft). The most often things stolen were clothing, food, and small amounts of money
    - - Attacking or disobeying the king, the government or other figures of authority
      - Rebellion
        
        Attacking authority
      - Treason
        
        Betraying your country
      - Heresey
        
        Refusing to follow king's religious beliefs
      - There were very few authority crimes in this period though the amount increased after the Norman conquest in 1066 as many people were unhappy with the authority of their new rulers.
  - - - Local community responsible for enforcing the law as no police force.
        
        Neighbourhood watch schemes.
        
        If they see something suspicious, they report it.
        
        Someone climbing through a window
    - - Any man over 12 was a member of a tithing
      - 10 men
      - If someone committed a crime, the tithing was responsible for capturing them.
        
        If they weren't successful, they would be given a fine.
        
        The hunt for the criminal was called the hue and cry; Everyone was responsible for each other's behaviour
    - - England divided into shires.
        
        Each had a Sheriff
        
        Two court sessions per year for serious crimes
        
        Led by local landowner/lord but decision for guilty decided; trial by jury
        
        A jury was a group of ordinary people who listened to each side of the story and decided who they believed. The jury would then swear an oath of compurgation
        
        Murder
      - Divided into Hundreds
        
        Monthly court sessions for less serious crimes
        
        Petty theft
    - - They use deterrents
        
        The punishments put you off from doing the crime
        
        Used instead of a police force