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Pathogens and preventing infection (Human defence respones (skin (physical…
Pathogens and preventing infection
Air
human diseases- droplet infection is common
you expel tiny droplets full of pathogens from your breathing system- cough, sneeze, or talk
other people breathe in droplets, along with pathogens, so they pick up the infection
eg. flu, TB, common cold
Direct Contact
Spread by direct contact
in humans- diseases including sexually transmitted, eg. syphilis and chlamidya
common in plant diseases
pathogens enter the body through direct sexual contact, cuts, scratches, needle- give access to the blood
animals act as vectors
mosquito- carry pathogens between infected and uninfected induviduals
Water
fungal spores- carried in splashes of water
plant diseases
for humans- eating raw undercooked food, salmonella- pathogens enter through your digestive system
Human defence respones
skin
physical barrier to pathogens with antimicrobal secretions
nose
hairs and mucus trap dirt and pathogens in air
Trachea and bronchi
mucus traps pathogens which is moved by cilia to throat
bleeding
clotting and scabs prevent entry of pathogens
stomach
acid destroys pathogens in swallowed mucus and food
Definitions
vaccine
dead or inactive pathogenic material used in vaccination to develop immunity to a disease in a healthy person
immunity
is the ability of your white blood cells to produce the right antibodies quickly, as a result of memory cells, if you are re-infected by the disease