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GENDER & THEOLOGY (MARY DALY (3 CONCEPTS: patriarchal God, patriarchal…
GENDER & THEOLOGY
MARY DALY
3 CONCEPTS: patriarchal God, patriarchal male & biophilic female (required to separate from male oppression & reject X).
RADICAL FEMINIST: patriarchal male has oppressed women for generations & patriarchal society dominates foreground & public values & attitudes. Biophilic women need to escape male oppression.
Called on some to from exodus community to embody new hope, w/ new lang, aims & structures.
INFL OF DE BEAUVOIR: her work made dialogue between women possible.- The Second Sex. It generated atmosphere where women could utter their own thoughts. Partially broke Terrible Taboo.
De Beauvoir critiques church 'religion confirms the social order'- justifies inequality.
FOREGROUND & BACKGROUND: Foreground- realm of patriarchy & Background realm of Woman. Background is behind false reality of Foreground. F: drains 'life energy' of women & creates world of poisons that contaminate natural life. Male centred world of Foreground- NECROPHILIC. Background- where living things connect- biophilic.
PATRIARCHAL GOD: God embodies patriarchy. Image of God invented by men to suppress women. Daly rejects immutability of God (Unchanging).
GOD AS VERB: ver more personal than noun, more active & dynamic. Noun- static.
God is a 'she'.
Daly makes God feminine 'She Who attracts'.
GOD AS A JUDGE: God projected as judge. Daly- 'men externalise and internalise God's image of superiority', they use images of patriarchal God as a judge & definer of sin.
Daly engaged w/ church father's views on women 'women's subordination was inscribed in the heavens'.
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CALL TO EXIT CHURCH: Daly calls for a mass exodus 'cannot belong to institutional religion as it exists...the women's movement is an exodus community', Daly calls for change to leave behind centuries of 'silence & darkness'.
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RUETHER: Goddess figure worshipped as female principle of existence & source of life but without same degree of patriarchal hierarchy of monotheism.
Prefers God/ess for God- no gender.
Scripture support for Goddess/female images: Isaiah 42:14 'I will cry out like a woman in labour'.
'spotless mirror of the working God'- shows female & male intertwined & supports wisdom.
TRINITY: God as Trinity- no strict female/male division (Mulieris Dignitatem). Reuther: God as Trinity- relational & gender inclusive spiritual experience.
PORTRAYAL OF WISDOM: Wisdom always female. Greek- Sophia. Import of wisdom tradition for Reuther is- challenges gender duality which strict monotheism has created. We should refer to God as Holy One.
ABBA: a new community. Jesus called God, Abba= Daddy. its a trusting relationship, doesn't put God on a pedalstool.
Reuther: 'new community is a community of equals'.
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SUSAN PARSONS: paradigms. 1: Liberal Paradigm- rights based. 2: the Social Constructionist Paradigm.
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AUDRE LORDE: criticise Daly for not including non-white people, no african Gods. 3rd Wave feminist- concerned w/ race & gender.
Response: examples Lorde says also exclusive- only lists African Pagan figures. Misunderstands Daly's intention.
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