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Sociolinguistics (Language&Society) (relatedness (language(esp. the…
Sociolinguistics
(Language&Society)
standard dialect
features
not a dialect a child acquires naturally like his regional dialect
has some special functions, also designated as the official or national language of a country and used on any formal occasions
based on a selected variety of the language
varieties of language
dialectal varieties
regioinal dialect
(used by people living in the same geographical region)
sociolect
(characteristic of a particular social class)
ethnic dialect
(mainly spoken by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation)
gender dialect
(used by men & women)
"Age" dialect
(the language used by the old generation & the young one differs)
idiolect
(of an individual speaker)
register varieties
degree of formality
(stylistic varieties)
consultative
formal/deliberative
casual
frozen/oratorical
intimate
approaches
macro-sociolinguistics
(bird's-eye view)
micro-sociolinguistics
(worm's-eye view)
relatedness
language(esp. the structure of its lexicon)→the physical&the social environments of the society
language→a social phenomenon/ the structure of the society
the evaluation of a linguistic form→entirely social
social background→language
language→ establish & maintain social relationships
speech community
definition②
: a group who do in fact share not just a single language with its related varieties but also attitudes towards linguistic norms
definition①
: the social group singled out for any special study
speech variety
definition
: any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or a group of speakers
types
regional dialects
sociolects
registers
lingua franca, pidgin and creole
lingua franca: a medium of communication among people who speak different first language
pidgin: a creative contact language, not spoken by native speakers
creole: acquired by the children of a pidgin community as their native language