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Endocrine Glands (Reproductive Organs (Ovaries (Hormones (Estrogens,…

- - - - Most tissues
        
        Increases gene expression breakdown of lipids, and release of fatty acids from cells; increases blood glucose levels.
    - - Thyroid gland
        
        Increases thyroid hormone secretion ( thyroxine and triiodothyronine )
    - - Adrenal cortex
        
        Increase secretion of glucocorticoid hormones, such as cortisol; increases skin pigmentation at high concentrations.
    - - Melanocytes in skin
        
        Increases melanin production in melanocytes to make skin darker in color.
    - - Ovary in females, testis in males
        
        Promotes ovulation and progesterone production in ovaries; promotes testosterone synthesis and support for sperm cell production in testis.
    - - Follicles in ovary in females, seminiferous tubules in males
        
        Promotes follicle maturation and estrogen secretion in ovary; promotes sperm cell production in testis.
    - - Ovary and mammary gland in females, testis in males
        
        Increases gene expression, breakdown of lipids and release of fatty acids from cells; increases glucose levels
- - - - Mainly bone
        
        Decreases rate of bone breakdown; prevents large increase in blood calcium levels following a meal.
    - - Most cells of the body
        
        Increase metabolic rates, essential for normal process of growth and maturation
- - - - Bone, kidney
        
        Increases rate of bone breakdown by osteoclasts; increases vitamin D synthesis, essential for maintenance of normal blood calcium levels
- - - - Heart, blood vessels, liver, fat cells
        
        Increases cardiac output; increases blood flow to skeletal muscles and heart; increases release of glucose and fatty acids into blood; in general, prepares body for physical activity
- - - - Thyroid gland Most tissues (E.G: Liver, fat, skeletal muscles, immune tissues)
        
        Increase fat and protein breakdown; increase glucose synthesis from amino acids; increase blood nutrient levels; inhibit inflammation and immune response
    - - Most tissues
        
        Insignificant in males; increase female sexual drive, growth of pubic and axillary hair
    - - Kidneys to a lesser degree,
        intestine & sweat glands
        
        Increase rate of sodium transport into body; increase rate of potassium excretion; secondarily favor water retention
- - - - Especially liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue
        
        Increase uptake and use of glucose and amino acids
    - - Primarily liver
        
        Increase breakdown of glycogen and release of glucose into the circulatory system.
- - - - Estrogens, progesterone
        
        Most tissues
        
        Aids in uterine and mammary gland development and function, external genitalia structure, secondary sexual characteristics, sexual behaviour, menstrual cycle
  - - - Prostaglandins
        
        Most tissues
        
        Mediate inflammatory responses, increase uterine contractions and ovulation
  - - - Testosterone
        
        Most tissues
        
        Aids in sperm production, maintenance of functional reproductive organs, secondary sexual characteristics, sexual behaviour
- - - - Immune tissues
        
        Promotes immune system development and function
- - - - Among others, hypothalamus
        
        Inhibits secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone thereby inhibiting reproduction
- - - - Kidney
        
        Conserves water; constricts blood vessels
    - - Uterus
        
        Increases uterine contractions
      - Mammary gland
        
        Increase milk letdown from mammary glands