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Chapter 10: Photosynthesis (Photosynthesis (pigaments (chlorophyll a…
Chapter 10: Photosynthesis
photoautotrophs
all organisms capable of using sunlight to produce own energy
plants
some few bacteria
all cyanobacteria
Energy Carriers
photosynthesis
first stage of energy entering biological world
light energy---> chemical energy
energized pigament particles can't travel through membranes
ATP & ADP help transfer energy to force other reactions to occur
photo-phosphorylation converts ADP to ATP
substrate-level phosphorylation
occurs in animals, fungi, and non-chlorophyllous plant tissues
high-energy phosphate groups are produced to convert ADP to ATP
other energy carriers
cytochromas
small protiens
contain cofactor
heme
holds iron atoms
plastoquinones
gains two electrons
binds two protons
similar to cytochromas
transports electrons short distances
hydrophobic
plastocyanin
loosely associated with chloroplast membranes
small protien that carries electrons
travels short distances
oxidative phosphorylation
in mitochondria
oxidation with oxygen
Reducing Power
oxidized- an atom does not carry as many electrons as it could
reduced- electrons are added to an atom
reducing power- atoms ability to force electrons onto another
redox potential-an atoms tendency of accepting or donating electrons
Photosynthesis
process that converts light energy to chemical energy
z-scheme
photosystem I & II work together to transfer electrons from water to NADPH
Photosystem I
P700, absorbs red light
Photosystem II
P680
light dependent reactions
electromagnetic radiation spectrum
thylakoid reactions
ATP and NADPH are produced
pigaments
material that absorb wavelengths and has a distinctive color
chlorophyll a
crucial pigment for photosynthesis
absorbs only some red and blue lights
only captures about 5% of available wavelengths
found in chloroplast
florescence
release of light by pigament
accessory pigament
molecules that absorb wavelengths missed by chlorophyll a
absorption spectrum
graph which show which wavelengths are absorbed
action spectrum
shows which wavelengths are most effective
