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ADAPTATIONS - ANIMALS (Type of Adaptations (enables animal to change, not…
ADAPTATIONS - ANIMALS
Type of Adaptations
enables animal to change
not conscious choice
functional
-
processes within animal
- e.g. body temperature, water balance, heartbeat, blood pressure, metamorphosis, cell respiration, life cycle
only certain animals can adapt
structural
-
parts of animal
- e.g. shape of birds beak, colour, wings, fins, gills, third eyelid, teeth shape, long necks, camouflage & imitation
behavioural
-
things animal does
- e.g. migration, hibernation, move with herd, look bigger, mating dance
environment selects best suited, rest die
process by which organisms adapt to their environment over long period of time
The Great White Shark
teeth - wide & triangular with rough edges
upper teeth
wide & flatter than lower
tear meat with sawing action
lower teeth
puncture & hold prey
sense with teeth, know if prey is edible or not
teeth are replaced rapidly
jaws not attached to skull
hang loose, flexible connective tissue keeps it in place
take bigger bites
skin is rough
allows water to flow over it easily, swim with minimal resistance
scales move & bend when swimming, unstable surface for parasites to feast
pectoral, dorsal & tail fins
pectoral
controls
up
&
down
motion & stopping + turning, picks up signals in water
dorsal
prevents shark from turning in circles
tail
forward movement
sensitive nose
smell scents in water - far
electroreceptors
on nose - pick up electric pulses in water by animals - detect its prey
The Camel
thick fur
-
provides heat during night
isolates camel against hot temperatures
withstand heat, doesn't sweat, conserves more water
camouflage
long, strong legs
strong legs, carry heavy loads
long legs, keep above sand
fat stored in humps
survive long without food & water
broad, flat leathery cushions on hooves
spread out when feet are put on ground
feet don't sink
The Polar Bear
small ears
reduce surface for heat loss
sharp teeth & claws
for hunting, catching & eating prey
thick white fur & fat layer under skin
camouflage
fur keeps bear warm
repels water when swimming
11 cm fat layer, protects animal against cold
stores energy
strong legs
swim far & long
The Cheetah
strong body, light bone structure
flexible spine
light bones, higher speeds easier
fur - camouflage
bigger organs
long, strong legs & sharp claws
strong hind legs contribute to bigger strides
long legs, stand above grass, improves vision
claws contract increasing traction
hard pointed pad back of claws, stops immediately
change direction as well
small head & large nostrils
black tear stains
under eye, lessens sun's glare
big nostrils, breathes oxygen while running
gives less resistance, run faster
wider vision, elongated retina
long, flat, smooth tail
keep its balance & change direction easier
Predators
hunt animals for prey
physically adapted to habitats, easy catch