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PLANTS & THEIR ADAPTATIONS (HYDROPHYTES (2) swamp plants - live in…
PLANTS & THEIR ADAPTATIONS
The Aloe
ROOTS
2. shallow roots
any dew on surface - absorbed
1. adventitious roots - widespread & fibrous
efficient absorption over area when it rains
3. covered with cork layer
prevents dehydration
4. thick & fleshy
water stored efficiently
STEM
1. thick & fleshy
stores water
2. older parts covered with cork layer
limits & reduces water loss
3. younger parts covered with wax layer
limits & reduces water loss
4. grows vertically
less surface area exposed to sun, reduces water loss
5. covered & protected by dead plants
prevents excessive water loss
6. short
less surface, less water evaporation
LEAVES
2. wax layer
limits transpiration
3. spiral shaped, densely packed, rosette formation
(a) upper leaves shade lower leaves, prevents water loss
(b) collects dew, directs to ground for absorption
1. large, thick & fleshy
stores large amounts of water
4. stomata - small, few & sunken
reduces loss of water
XEROPHYTES
very resistant to drought, must survive on little water
adapted to:
rapidly
absorb water
when available
store
water for droughts
reduce
loss of water through
transpiration
resist
dehydration & wilting of plants
adapted to
very dry/low yearly rainfall
habitats
e.g. prickly pear, aloes, etc.
xerophytes can be grouped into:
non-fleshy xerophytes
(no fleshy appearance)
fleshy xerophytes/succulents
(fleshy stems & leaves)
HYDROPHYTES
2)
swamp plants
- live in permanent water logged soil, with thin layer of water, e.g. Cape reeds,
3)
anchored hydrophytes with floating leaves
- live partially under water, shallower pools, float & roots anchor, e.g. lilies
1)
wetland plants
- live in water logged soil, e.g. sedges, reeds
4)
free anchored hydrophytes
- float & live partially under water, not anchored by roots, e.g. Kariba-weed, water lily
5 types of hydrophytes
5)
underwater hydrophytes
- grow entirely under water, no reinforcing fibres in stems, water supports plants, e.g. Ceratophyllum
too much water, not too little
adapted to live
under water or in very wet soil
The Lily
two different environments,
atmosphere - upper & water - lower
ROOTS
small root system
- serves as anchor
poorly developed roots with reduced conducting tissue
- absorbing water & salts, not roots job only, all parts
STEMS
MESOPHYTES
roots grow into soil, absorb water & keep plant upright
live in regions - average amount of water
stems - adapted, keep leaves in air, enough sunlight