- The morphosyntax of English words
Lexical Content words
nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs
dominated by their meanings, semantic content - it is easy to come up with definitions
a word that conveys information in a text, speech
also: open-class words
Grammatical Function words
determiners, pronouns, prepositions
they play a role in grammar
it is hard to define what they mean without the semantic context
also: closed-class words
Subcategories of nouns
common noun
proper nouns
Subcategories of verbs
Ordinary intransitive verbs
followed by no obligatory element
click to edit
Copular verbs
complemented by Subject Complement or Adverbial
Transitive verbs
Monotransitive: complemented by Od
Ditransitive: complemented by Oi Od
Complex transitive: complemented by Od Co, Od Al
Dynamic verbs: expressing dynamic actions
Stative verbs: describe a state rather than an action
Subcategories of auxiliaries (2 basic subclasses)
Modal auxiliary (moals): can, must, might, need, dare
Non-modal auxiliary: have, be(progressive), be(passive), do
Subcategories of pronouns
Central/primary pronouns
personal (he, they)
reflexive (-self, -selves)
possessive (mine, ours)
Reciprocals: each other, one another
Wh-prohouns (who, which, what+ever)
relative
interrogative
Demonstrative (this, that, these, those)
Quantifying (some, all, both)
Indefinite (-one, -body, -thing)
Positive
universal (every-)
assertive (some-)
non-assertive (any-)
negative (no-pronouns)
Subcategories of adjectives (two major functions)
predicative use ( subject or object complement in a VP)
attributive use (premodifying adjuncts in NPs)
Subcategories of conjunctions
Coordinating (and, neither, but, or)
Subordinating (that, although)
Complementisers (I know that I should...)
Subcategories of determiners
Central determiners (articles, demonstratives, possessives)
Predeterminers (precede central determiners): quantifiers, multipliers, fractions, wh-words
Postdeterminers (follow the central determiner): cardinals, ordinals