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Air and respiratory system (Human respiratory system (Nose: allows air to…
Air and respiratory system
Air: 78% nitrogen 21% oxygen and 0.03% carbon dioxide, and the rest consists of a variable amount of water vapour and other gases
Composition of air - CROWNS - carbon dioxide, rare gases (e.g. argon), oxygen, water vapour, nitrogen and some other gases e.g. carbon monoxide
Differences between breathing and respiration
Breathing is the taking in and giving out of air
Parts of the body involved - nose, mouth, windpipe, diaphragm and lungs
Role of oxygen - taken in as part of the air breathed in. Role of carbon dioxide - given out as part of the air breathed out
Inhaled air contains: less carbon dioxide, more oxygen, less water vapour and less heat. Exhaled air contains more carbon dioxide, less oxygen, more water vapour and more heat
Respiration is the process by which oxygen is used to break down food and provide us with energy
Parts of the body involved - all living cells of the body
Role of oxygen - used to break down food and release energy. Role of carbon dioxide - produced when food is broken down
Human respiratory system
Nose: allows air to enter and leave the body, contains hair and mucus to trap dirt in air, air that passes through is also warmed and moistened
Windpipe - transfers air from nose to the air tubes
Air tubes - transport air to the lungs
Lungs contain air sacs which allow exchange of gases. Pick up oxygen from inhaled air and pass carbon dioxide into exhaled air
Air sacs have a rich supply of blood vessels. This increase surface area for exchange of gases. Oxygen passes through the walls of sacs into the blood vessels. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood vessels into the air sacs.
Breathing in: ribs move out and upwards. The diaphragm moves downwards. The chest expands. Air rushes into the body through the nose and mouth. Air is cleaned, warmed and moistened in the nose. Air moves down windpipe and air tubes into lungs. The air tubes branch further and end in balloon-like air sacs that have rich supply of blood vessels.
In the lungs: oxygen from the air breathed in passes through the walls of the air sacs into the blood vessels. Blood carries the oxygen to all parts of the body. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood vessels into the air sacs
Breathing out - the ribs move in and downwards. The diaphragm moves upwards. The chest becomes smaller. Air is forced out of the lungs by the chest muscles.
Plants have tiny openings, mostly found on the underside of the leaf, called stomata. They use these stomata for their gaseous exchange. During respiration throughout the day, plants take in oxygen and produce carbon dioxide. Stomata are commonly found on the underside of leaves, away from direct sunlight to prevent water from evaporating.