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Reproduction in Plants (Plants reproduce to ensure the survival and…
Reproduction in Plants
Plants reproduce to ensure the survival and continuity of their own kind. Plants carry out reproduction in different ways, such as from seeds, spores or other plant parts.
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Non-flowering plants such as ferns and mosses do not produce seeds and usually produce from spores. Spores are generally dispersed by wind as they are light. Like seeds, spores will germinate and grow into new plants when conditions are favourable
Male parts: stamen (anther - produces pollen grains and stores them in pollen sacs) and filament (holds the anther up)
Pistil - stimga receives pollen grains. Style connects the stigma to the ovary. Ovary - protects the ovule and becomes the fruit after fertilisation has taken place. Ovule becomes the seed after fertilisation has taken place.
Pollination occurs when pollen grains are transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of the same flower or another flower of the same kind.
Insect pollinated flowers - usually large, brightly coloured and scented to attract insects. Anthers do not hang out of the flowers, Stigma is sticky in order to catch pollen grains.
Process: when an insect visits a flower to feed on the nectar, pollen grains from the anther stick to the insect's hairy body. The pollen grains are brushed off onto the stigma of the same flower or another flower that the insect visits
Wind pollinated flowers - flowers are usually small and dull coloured with no scent. Anthers hang out of the flowers so that the pollen grains are easily shaken free and carried by the wind. Stigma is large and feathery in order to catch pollen grains floating in the air.
Process: the filament sways in the slightest wind and pollen grains are shaken free. The pollen grains are carried by the wind and land on the stigma of another flower.
Fertilisation - after fertilisation, most of the flower parts such as petals, style and stigma wither and drop off, except the ovary.
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Germination - first stage in the development of a plant from a seed. Seeds need not germinate immediately after they are formed. They remain dormant until the conditions are favourable for them to germinate.
Seeds need air (oxygen), water and warmth. A seed does not need light to germinate. Thus it can germinate in the dark.
When a seed germinates, the root appears first. This allows more water to be absorbed, as well as to provide some support as the young plant grows. At this stage, the young plant uses the food stored in the seed leaves for energy.
The shoot appears after the root. When the first leaves of the shoot open, the young plant can carry out photosynthesis to make its own food.