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Nutrients (Carbohydrates (Test for Carbohydrates (Reducing Sugars (For…
Nutrients
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Carbohydrates
are a group of elements containing Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
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Excess carbohydrates can be converted into amino acids and fats, some to form nucleic acids
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Monasaccharides
Simple sugars including glucose,fructose and galactose
have the formula C6H12O6
Disaccharides
are the combination of two simple sugars and have the formula of C12H22O11. For example, Sucrose,Maltose and Lactose
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Polysaccharides
consist of monasaccharides sugar subunits joined together in a long chain through polymerisation. It is also an insoluble form for storage. Examples are Starch,Cellulose and Glycogen
Test for Carbohydrates
Reducing Sugars
For Glucose,maltose,lactose,fructose and galactose
Benedict's Solution
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Fats
Define
are organic compounds that are made up of C,H and O.
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Types of Fats
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Unsaturated Fats
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Liquid at Room temperature, thus are known as oils
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Functions of Fats
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Certain vitamins and hormones are fat soluble and can only be absorbed into the body when dissolved in fats
oil is produced from sebaceous glands in our skin and this restricts water loss from the surface of the skin
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provides 38kJ/g, efficient storage of energy
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Proteins
are complex organic substances containing carbon,hydrogen,oxygen and nitrogen
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How is Protein formed?
During condensation reaction, two or more amino acids link up and water molecules is/are removed. The strong bond formed between two amino acids is called a peptide bond
In a protein molecule, many polypeptides join up to form long chains. These long chains will coil up to give the protein a distinctive three-dimensional structure. The coils are held in place by weak hydrogen bonds which are easily broken by heat, acids and alkalis. When these links are broken, the protein is said to be denatured
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