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FOOD SECURITY AND INTENSIVE FARMING (Overfishing is decreasing fish stocks…
FOOD SECURITY AND INTENSIVE FARMING
Overfishing is decreasing fish stocks
This means that there are a lot less fish than there is to be able to sustain how much people are fishing these days. The oceans food chains are affected and some species of fish may disappear altogether in some areas e.g cod from the north-west Atlantic are disappearing very quickly.
To tackle are resolve this problem we need to maintain fish stocks at a level where the fish can continue to breed for a sustained time. This is called a sustainable food production
To help maintain fish level stocks then we can :
Net Size- There are different limits of the mesh size of the net, depending on what is being fished. This is to stop/reduce the number of 'unwanted' and discarded fish; the ones that are accidentally caught (shrimp caught alongside with cod). Using a bigger mesh size will let the 'unwanted' species escape and also means that younger fish can slip through the net allowing them to breed and reach the breeding age.
Fishing Quotas- there are limits on the number and size of fish that can be caught in certain areas. This prevents certain species from being overfished.
Fish stocks are declining in the oceans because people are fishing so much.
Factors Effecting Food Security
Food security is having enough food to feed a certain population or location
There are a wide range of things that can effect/threaten food security for example:
In some parts of the world there are conflicts that affect the availability of food and water.
High input costs of farming like getting the seeds and machinery can make it too expensive for people in some countries to start or maintain food production meaning that sometimes there are not enough people producing food in these areas to feed people in those locations.
Diets in developed countries change so the demand for certain foods to be imported from developing countries can increase. This means that already scarce food resources can become more scarce
The word population keeps increasing with the birth rate of many developing countries rising quickly.
How can food production be made more efficient
Limiting the movement of livestock and keeping them in a temperature controlled environment reduces the transfer of energy from livestock to the environment. This makes farming more efficient as the animals use less energy moving around and controlling their own body temperatures. This means that there is more energy available for growth and so come food can be produced/made from the same 'input' of resources
Fish can also be factory farmed in cages where their movement is restricted
Some animals are also fed on a high protein diet which further increases their growth.
Livestock like calves and chickens can be factory farmed. This involves raising them in small pens.
However, these methods are very controversial. Because the animals are kept in such small cages disease can spread among them very easily. People also have ethical objections as well as thinking that making animals live in unnatural and uncomfortable conditions is cruel.