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Periodicity (Electronegativity (Is the measure of the attraction an atom…
Periodicity
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Radius sizes
Atoms
The effective nuclear charge increases from left to right in a period due to the increase in the atomic number, but the shielding remains the same. This pulls the valence electrons more closer towards the nucleus. Therefore, the radius of the atom decreases.
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Ions
Cations (+)
- Cations form by losing electrons
- Smaller than the original atom
- Metals form cations
Anions (-)
- Anions formed by gaining electrons
- Bigger than the original atom
- Non metals form anions
Shielding
- more the shells, higher the shielding; lesser electronegativity
- lesser the shells, lesser the shielding; higher the electronegativity # #
Defined as the reduction in the effective nuclear charge on the outer electrons, due to the presence of the inner shell electrons