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Nutrition and Food Choice (Energy Expenditure (Estimation (Indirect…
Nutrition and Food Choice
Metabolism of 3 macronutrients
Proteins (amino acids)
-yields energy and AA
-yields energy when carb is low
-excess is stored as fat
Carbs
-yields energy, glucose and AA when nitrogen is available -excess stored as fat
Fats
Glycerol
-yields energy
-yields glucose when carb is low -yields amino acids when nitrogen is available
-excess stored as fat
FA
-yields energy
-does not yield glucose and AA
-excess stored as fat
Energy balance
negative energy balance
positive energy balance
Energy Expenditure
Thermic Effect of Food
-<10%
-digestion, absorption, transport, storage of ingested nutrients
Physical Activity
-30-50%
Basal Metabolic Rate
-2/3 energy expenditure
-measured after complete rest
Resting Metabolism
-resting and not eating for >4h
-6% higher than BMR
Measurement
Calorimetry
-measure heat emitted from the body in an enclosed chamber
-expensive, impractical, technically difficult
Estimation
Indirect Calorimetry
(Air)
-Collection of expired air
-analyzing oxygen intake and CO2 production to indicate the ratio of lipid and carbs being oxidised
Double Labelled Water
(sweat,urine)
-measure sweat and urine samples
Heart Rate (fitbit)
-adjustable to age, gender, fitness, body mass
-30% error
Physical Activity Diary
-records activity every 15min
-sum of (hourly rate(RMR/24) x no. of hours x PAR)
-Henry and Benedict's Eqn
Scholfield Eqn
-BMR X PAL
RMR
BMR