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Informal settlements/Low-income neighbourhoods (Youth Challenges…
Informal settlements/Low-income neighbourhoods
Youth Challenges
McFarlane & Silver (2017): Harassment
Dawson (2014): Migration and unemployment
Dawson (2014): Among the youth interviewed, there was a deep sense that they remain locked out of real
opportunities to access education, work, housing and urban space.
Hunter (2000): Studied a township and an informal settlement in in Mandeni. Unequal income for women than men. Material inequalities that could lead to gender differences. Difference between older slums and newer slums. In newer slums women are more traditional. Women have less opportunities for accumulation in informal settlements.
Chakraborty (2010): sexual conservatism and social control
Hungi & Ngware (2017): education is less good in slums and less is expected for girls
Kabiru (2013): biggest challenge in slums is poverty. Young people say that because of poverty they do crime
Meth (2013): small houses , density, hygiene, bare land
Bahu (2017): More difficulties to study
De-Maura & Daly (2013): different views of the future
Simone (2005) irregular lives
Bahu (2017): difficulties of women in low-income neighborhoods financial constraints, lack of safety, gender bias, gossip, social control
General Challenges
McFarlane & Silver (2017): Eviction, crime, security
Dawson (2014): Uneven development of the area, local brokers, landlords, rent. These leadership cultures have immense impact on everyday life in the slum and on youth
Political and Social Action
Youth
Thieme (2011): Hustle of young men in the Mathare slum in Kenya. Waste picking creates for them a possibility for accumulation and making do. Mainly describes the lives of young men.
McFarlane & Silver (2017): Cooperation through the case of Amir 'Amir' in their explanation of everyday urbanism
Dawson (2014): Writes on the youth involvement in protests in informal settlements in Johannesburg. Some say that it are the terrible living conditions and unevenness and others say it is just because of leadership fight.
Dawson (2014): described the multiple calculations and connections youth use to get by, including a reliance on girlfriends, boyfriends, gambling and prostitution.
Hunter (2000): Sexual relationships with sugar daddies, which increases their household income and the chance for consumption
Kabiru (2013): things they do to achieve aspirations: religion, migration/residential mobility, delinquency and education
Makau (2011): youth slum federation. Came to being after the general federation and do different things in the slums: clean the neighbourhood, dance and theatre, beauty parlour ... The difference with the normal federation is that it is more fluid
Simone (2005): Reciprocity and collectivities. Youth group together in low income neighbourhoods for: social event, delivering goods or money, or simply waiting on someone who supposedly has a job or connection. Sometimes these gatherings take on a religious character
Simone (2005): create new opportunities. Youth search for new opportunities in their cities. They look for new ways to manage living in the city. Youth in the city of Douala. New socialites in the city
External Solutions
Slum upgrading
Meth (2013): housing does not necessarily change young peoples situation. A redistribution of welfare should happen
Community based education in slums in Kenya (Hungi & Ngware 2017): not so effective, but it helps a little bit to boost the mathematics of girls