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Obesity (Methods to measure body composition (Simple Anthopometry…
Obesity
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Causes
Genetics
1. efficiency of metabolic pathways
2.uncoupling proteins (energy released as heat, expands energy)
3. lipoprotein lipase
4. leptin and other hormones
5. thrifty genotype
6. no. of fat cells
7. appetitie and satiety settings
8. thermogenic response to food
9.fidgeting
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Environment
1. Increased accessibility to foods
2. decreased price of food
3. Increase in portion sizes
4. Increased variety of foods available in marketplaces
5. Increased sophistication of marketing
Health Risks
Too much body fat
1. High visceral fat increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cancer
2. Affects hormone levels
3. Affects growth factors and other compounds
4. Inflammation
Too little fat
1. Inadequate fuel and nutrient stores
2. Inability to preserve lean mass during disease
3. Menstrual disorders and infertility
4. Increased risk of osteoporosis in later life
Placement of body fat
1. Subcutaneous Fat
-located under the skin, less health risk
-hips and lower body
2. Visceral Fat
-located around the organs in the abdomen
-heart disease, HBP, stroke, diabetes
Increased risk of morbidity
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
2.Impaired fertility
Moderately Increased Risk
- CHD
- Hypertension
- Osteoarthritis
- Some cancers
Increased Risk
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Gallbladder disease
- Insulin Resistance
- Sleep Apnea
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