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Geosphere :earth_asia: :<3: (Metamorphic rocks (For example (Slate= it…
Geosphere :earth_asia: :<3:
The physical properties of mineral:
Crystalline structure
For example:
Quartz-prismatic
Pyrite-cubic
ItĹ› the particular, repeating geometric shape a mineral particles show.
When you see it with the naked eye, we call them cristal.
Colour and and steak
Some minerals have a characteristic colour
For example
Sulphur-yellow
Malachite-green
Most minerals can came in several different colour.
For example: Quarz-streak
Layers of the geosphere
Mantle
Most common rock: Peridotite
It's solid but soft
It occupies most of the interior of the earth
Core
The hottest part of the geosphere
Two parts
outer core :arrow_right: liquid
inner core :arrow_right: Solid
Basically made of iron and nickel
Crust
Earth's surface
Two types
continental crust
oceanic crust
The thinnest layer
Common rocks: Granite, Basalt and slate.
Types of rocks:
Igneous rocks
Two types
Volcanic rocks
Glassy opperance.
Sometimes their trap our bubbles inside.
Formed when lava on earth's surface cools and solidifies.
For example
Obsidian (completely black with glassy shine)
Pumice (light, plants, in water, full of holes.)
Basalt (a dark matte rock)
Plutonic rocks
Formed from molten rocks from the mantle .
Minerals are:
Natural
Inorganic
Solid
Specific chemical composition
Characteristics of rocks:
Origin
Sedimentary
Are formed from sediments or fragments of the other rock.
Metamorphic
Can be formed by extreme pressure and heat.
Igneous
Lava or magma from the earth's mantle.
Texture
Depends on the form, size and distribution of the grains or crystals it contain.
Composition
Made of several minerals
One mineral
Sedimentary rocks
They have formed the compaction of:
Fragments of older rocks
Sediments
Types
Clays
Sandstones
Conglemenrate
These are rocks with grains (called clasts)
Joining the clasts together is a finer material which is called Matrix.
Other properties of minerals
Tenacity
If it breaks easily it's brittle.
For example Quartz (7). If not, itĹ› tough.
It's the resistance a mineral has to breaking or bending of it is hit or deformed.
Fracture and cleavage
Fracture is the way a mineral breaks into irregular shaped fragments
Cleavage is the way a mineral breaks into regular shaped fragments
These describe how a mineral (breaks when hit)
For example: Gypsum used for construction.
Hardness
It's measured using the Mohs scale.
For example:
talk (1)
diamond (10)
It's the resistance of a mineral to being scratched by another mineral or object.
Lustre
types
Matte
Metallyc
Adamantine (diamond)
Glassy
Pearly
Silky
Reflects light
Metamorphic rocks
For example
Slate= it has very tiny crystals, not visible to the naked eye.
Schist= It's crystals can be seen easily.
Some of them have layered form (called foliation)
Gneiss= This is formed of layer crystals that schist.
They have been transformed over time by intentense heat and pressure, deep under the ground.
Plutonic rocks
They often have crystals that are easy to see (they solidifies slowly)
For example:
Granite
The most abundant rock on land.
One of the most used in construction.
Peridotite
The most abundant rock in mantle.
They are formed when magma under the earth's surface cools and solidifies.
