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Contributors to Anxiety and Related Disorders (Social Contributions…
Contributors to Anxiety and Related Disorders
Biological Contributions
contributions from collections of genes in several areas on chromosomes make us vulnerable when the right psychological and social factors are in place.
stress or other factors in this environment can "turn on" these genes.
Specific brain circuits and neurotransmitter systems.
noradrenergic system
serotonergic neurotransmitter system
Corticotropin-Releasing factor system
acts as mediator between brain stem and cortex
Behavioral inhibition system
When the BIS is activated by signals that arise from the brain stem or descend from the cortex, we tend to experience anxiety.
Smoking
Chronic exposure to nicotine triggers additional anxiety and panic, increasing biological vulnerability to develop severe anxiety disorders.
Psychological Contributions
Childhood
acquire an awareness that events are not always in our control
sense of uncontrolability
Parents
The way in which parents parent their child affects their vulnerability to anxiety. If a parent is overly protective, they are more likely to become anxious when they are older.
External/Internal Cues
Provoke the fear response
Social Contributions
Marriage
Divorce
Difficulties at work
Death of a loved one
Pressures to excel in school
Physical stressors