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MOOD DISORDER :performing_arts: (SEROTONIN (function (mediate arousal,…
MOOD DISORDER
:performing_arts:
SEROTONIN
5HT receptors
metatropic receptors
5HT1
5HT2
most actions happen here
ligand-ligand ion channel
5HT3
synthesized from tryptophan
loaded into vesicles by VMAT
vesicular monoamine transporter
biogenic (monoamine) synthesized in cytosol
taken into the cytoplasm by specific serotonin transporter
function
mediate arousal
attention
emotional state
circadaim rhythms
motor function
appetite
location
from Raphe nucleus in the brainstem
widespread projection of serotonergic neurons
SERT inhibitors
SSRIs: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Prozac, treate depression
most effective types of antidepressants
other drugs: celexa, zoloft, paxil, pexapro
catacholamine termination
MAO
MAO inhibitor treat
anxiety
depression
location: mitochondria of neurons and glia
monoamine oxidase
COMT
catachol-O-methyl transferase
location: cytoplasm of neurons and glia
SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION
mental health disorder
low mood
low self-esteem
loss of interest or pleasure
high rate of recurrence
complex, multi-symptom disorder
co-ocur with substance abuse/
anxiety
ANXIETY
category
panic disorder
social anxiety disorder
anxious being around others
self-concious
blushing, sweating around people
Generalized anxiety disorder
easily fatigued
difficulty concentration
irritable
muscle tension
difficulty controlling worry
sleep problems
restlessness
treatment
psychotherapy
cognitive behavior therapy
exposure therapy
self-help, support group
stress management technique
anxiety medications
benzodiazepines
enhance GABA-A receptor function
more Cl- entry
valium
xanax
ativan
BIPOLAR DISORDER
maniac-depressive illness
unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels
interfere with daily tasks
run in family but gene isn't the only risk factor
TREATMENTS
mood stabilizer
atypical antipsychotic
antidepressants
lithium salts (only half patients respond)
target: GSK3
glycogen synthase kinase 3 - promiscuous protein
GSK3 is regulated by phosphorylation
LiCl inhibit activity of active GSK3, need high concentration of LiCl to treat, but can cause liver failure
LiCl indirectly inhibit the dephosphorylaton (going from inactive PGSK3 to active GSK3)
unknown target of GSK3 that cause bipolar disorder
Many med take days / weeks to work
influence
gene transcription
morphological growth/retraction of neurites & synapses
birth/ survival of neurons