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Détente (What was Détente? (Occurred in the 1960s and 70s, Policy between…
Détente
What was Détente?
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The USSR and USA cooperated to avoid conflict, and it was a time of decreased tensions
Causes
America was shocked by the Vietnam War and wanted to stay out of world affairs. There was also a vociferous CND (campaign for nuclear disarmament) movement in the West.
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The price of oil rocketed in the 1970s, and both superpowers experienced economic problems.
1968- Nuclear non-proliferation Treaty: powers with nuclear weapons agreed to not give other countries nuclear technology
LIMITATIONS: The Non-Proliferation Treaty did not stop other countries developing nuclear weapons (eg China, and perhaps South Africa and Israel).
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1972- USA and USSR signed the SALT 1 treaty that limited the number of ballistic missiles and submarines each side could have: each side was no longer competing against the other in terms of military might.
LIMITATIONS: Neither Russia or America kept to the SALT1 agreement. Neither side reduced their conventional weapons. Further talks were much less successful and a SALT2 Treaty in 1979 added little.
1972-3: Nixon became the first US President to visit Moscow in '72, and Brehznev visited Washington DC in '73
LIMIITATIONS: In the Arab-Israeli War of 1973, America supported Israel, and Russia supported Egypt and Syria.
1975- Helsinki Agreement: this recognised the Soviet Control over Eastern Europe, agreed trade deals, and Russia promised to respect human rights
LIMITATIONS: The Helsinki Agreement achieved nothing - it confirmed the Iron Curtain and Russia ignored its promises about human rights.
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