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The geosphere, the minerals and the rocks (Layers of the Geosphereearths…

- - - - outer core
        
        liquid
      - inner core
        
        solid
  - - - continental crust
      - oceanic crust
- - - - If you can see it with nacked eyes, they are crystals
      - example: quartz(prismatic), pyrite(cubic)
      - It's their particular reapeating geometric shape
    - - for example
        
        sulphur (yellow)
        
        malachite (green)
      - most minerals can come in several different colour
      - some minerals have a characteristic colour
      - for example
        
        Quartz
  - - - if it breaks easily it's brittle
      - if not, it's though
      - it's the resistence a mineral has to breaking or bending if it is hit or deformed
    - - reflects light
      - types
        
        silky
        
        pearly
        
        glassy
        
        adamentine
        
        metallic
        
        matte
    - - it's mesured usid the Mohs scale
      - For example
        
        tale (1)
        
        diamods (10)
      - it's the resistence of a mineral the being scratched by another mineral or object
    - - eracture is the way a mineral breaks into irregular shaped fragment
      - Cleaveage is the way a mineral is the the way a mineral breaks into regular shaped fragment
      - These describe has a mineral breaks when hit
      - for example
        
        gypsum=used for construction
- - - - sedimentary
        
        are formed from sediments or fragments of the other rocks
      - metamorphic
        
        can be formed by extreme pressure and heat
      - igneus
        
        lava or magma from the Earth's matle solidifies
    - - depends on the form, size and distribution of the grains or crystal it contain
    - - one mineral
      - made of several minerals
  - - - formed molten rocks from the mantle
      - two types
        
        volcanic rocks
        
        glassy appearance
        
        sometimes their trap our bubbles inside
        
        formed when lava on the Earth's surface cool and solidifies
        
        for example
        
        basalt ( a dark matte rock)
        
        pumice (light, float in water, full of holes)
        
        Obsidian (completely black with glassy shine)
        
        plutonic rocks
        
        they are formed when magma under the Earth's surface cools and solidifies
        
        they often have crystals that are easy to see (they solidifies slowly)
        
        for example
        
        granite
        
        the most abundant rock on land
        
        one of the most used in construction
        
        periodite
        
        the most abundant rock in mantle
    - - they have formed the compaction of
        
        sediments
        
        fragments of older rocks
      - types
        
        sandstone
        
        clays
        
        conglomerate
        
        these are sedimentary rocks with grains (called clast)
        
        jaining the clasts together is a finner material wich is called matrix
    - - some of them have layered form (called foliation)
      - for example
        
        schist: it's crystals can be seen easly
        
        gneiss: this is formed of larger crystals and schist
        
        slate: it have very tiny crystals, not visible to the nacked eye
      - they have been transformed over time by intense heat and pressure, deep under the groug