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THE GEOSPHERE (OTHER PROPERTIES OF MINERALS (Fracture and cleavage (For…
THE GEOSPHERE
OTHER PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
Tenacity
It's the resistance a mineral has to breaking or bending if it is hit or derformed
If it breaks easily it's brittle( for example Quartz) if not, it's tough
Fracture and cleavage
Fracture is the way a mineral breaks into irregular shaped fragment
Cleavage in the way a mineral breaks into a regular shaped fragment
These describe how a mineral breaks when hit
For example: gypsum
Used for construction
Hardness
It's the measured using the mohs scale
For example:
Talc (1)
Diamond(10)
It's the resistance of a mineral to being scratched by another mineral or object
Lustre
How their surface reflects light
Types
Silky
Pearly
Glassy
Adamantine
Metallic
Matte
Layers of the geosphere
CRUST
Earth's surface
Two types
Continental crust
Oceanic crust
The thinnest layer
Common rocks: granite, basalt, slate.
MANTLE
Most common rocks: peridotite
Its solid but soft
It occupes most of the interior of the Earth
Core
The hottest part of the geosphere
Two parts
Outer core
Liquid
Inner core
Solid
Basically made of iron and rickel
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS
Crystalline structure
When you can see it with the naked eye, we call them crystals
For example: Quartz, pyrite, prismatic, cubic
It's the particular repeating geometric shape a mineral's particles show
Colour and streak
Some minerals have a characteristic colour
Most minerals can come in several different colour
For example: Sulphur ( is yellow)
Malachite (isgreen)
For example: Quartz
TYPES OF ROCKS
Igneous rocks
Formed from molten from the mantle
Two types
Volcanic rocks
Glassy apearance
Sometimes they trap our bubbles inside
Formed when lava on the Earth's surface cools and solidifies
For example:
Pumice
Obsidian
Basalt
Plutonic rocks
They often have crystals that are easy to see( they solidifies slowly)
For example:
Granite
The most abundant rock on land
One of the most used in construction
Peridotite
The most abundant rock in mantle
They are formed when magma under the Earth's surface cools and solidifies