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THE GEOSPHERE (WHAT IS A MINERAL? (PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS (Colour…

- - - - Inner core
        
        Liquid
      - Outer core
        
        Solid
  - - - Continental crust
      - Oceanic crust
    - - Granite
      - Slate
      - Basalt
- - - - Examples
        
        Sulfur
        
        Malachite
      - Most minerals can come in several different colours
        
        Quartz
      - Some minerals have a characteristic colour
    - - Resistance of a mineral to being scratched by another thing
      - Measured using Mohs scale
        
        Talc (1) and Diamond (10)
    - - Repeating geometric shape mineral's particles show.
      - See it with the naked eye
        
        Crystals
      - Examples
        
        Quartz
        
        Prismatic
        
        Pyrite
        
        Cubic
    - - Resistance a mineral has to breaking or bending if it is hit or deformed.
        
        Breaks easily: brittle
        
        Not: tough
    - - Describe how a mineral breaks when hit
        
        Fracture
        
        Irregular shaped fragments
        
        Cleavage
        
        Regular shaped fragments
    - - How their surface reflects light
        
        Types
        
        Adamantine
        
        Matte
        
        Pearly
        
        Silky
        
        Glassy
        
        Metallic
- - - - Layered form (foliation)
      - For example
        
        Slate
        
        Tiny crystals. We can't see them.
        
        Schist
        
        Crystals can be seen easily
        
        Gneiss
        
        Larger crystals than schist
      - Transformed by intense heat and pressure
    - - Formed from the compaction of
        
        Sediments
        
        Fragments of other rocks
      - Types
        
        Clay
        
        Sandstone
        
        Conglomerate
        
        They have grains called clasts
        
        Joining the clasts together = matrix
    - - Formed from molten from the mantle
        
        Types
        
        Volcanic rocks
        
        Sometimes they trap air bubbles inside
        
        Glassy appearance
        
        Formed when lava on the Earth's surface cools and solidifies
        
        For example
        
        Pumice
        
        Light, floats in water, full of holes
        
        Obsidian
        
        Completely black with glassy shine
        
        Basalt
        
        Dark matte rock
        
        Plutonic rocks
        
        They have crystals that are easy to see
        
        For example
        
        Granite
        
        Most abundant rock on land
        
        Used in construction
        
        Peridotite
        
        Most abundant rock in the mantle
        
        Formed when magma under the Earth's surface cools and solidifies
  - - - Igneous
        
        Lava or magma from the Earth's mantle solidifies
      - Sedimentary
        
        Formed from sediments or fragments of other rocks
      - Metamorphic
        
        Formed by extreme pressure and heat
    - - Depends on
        
        Size
        
        Of the grains or crystal it contains
        
        Distribution
        
        Form
    - - One mineral
      - Several minerals