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Testing for unknown anions and cations in a salt (CATION (Add sodium…
Testing for unknown anions and cations in a salt
CATION
Add sodium hydroxide
White Precipitate
Add excess of Sodium hydroxide
If precipitate dissolves, it is aluminium
No Change
Add excess of aqueous ammonia
No Change
Lead (II)
Magnesium
If precipitate dissolves, it is zinc
No precipitate
Flame test
Lilac
Potassium, K+
Brick-red
Calcium, Ca2-
Yellow
Sodium, Na+
Blue-green
Copper, Cu2-
Red
Lithium,Li-
Coloured Precipitate
Brown
Iron (III)
Blue
Copper (II)
Green
Iron (II)
ANION
Add Nitric acid
If it fizzes
Test gas with limewater
If it turns milky, then carbonate is present
If it doesn't fiz
Add Silver Nitrate solution
White
Cl-
Yellow
I-
Pale Cream
Br-
Add Barium Chloride solution
No precipitate
CO3-
White precipitate formed
SO42-