Action Potential

To regenerate and propagate an action potential, a local response is needed to first occur on a membrane

How action potentials are generated and sent

neuroglia involved in action potentials

Dendrites are what receive input and stimuli from its environment and sends it to the cell body or soma

The soma receives and interprets this input information

The Axon now is the most important part in generating of the action potentials. Which occurs in the axon hillock, known also as the trigger zone.

The axon and the axon collateral branch off the axon, into the axon terminals which are smaller areas. When these areas are reached, VG calcium channels open, and increase intracellular Calcium to link to proteins to active SNARE proteins on membrane

Axon Terminals merge into synaptic end bulbs. Synaptic end bulbs or terminal butons are what receive the action potentials as an end point. These can release the neurotransmitters onto a target cell by exocytosis from vesicles to post synaptic membranes.

Then neighboring areas that are negatively charged attract the positive ions and depolarization of these surrounding areas occur, which opens VG Sodium channels so they can reach threshold

Since the threshold is reached, action potentials are generated like the domino effect forward, due to the nerve impulse down an axon, which generates a wave of action potentials forward.

this wave will keep going forward and not backwards due to a refractory period will not allow it

Oligodendrocytes

Schwann Cells

Form myelin sheath in CNS

form myelin sheath in PNS

Increases speed and insulates neurons in transporting action potentials and messages so less energy is used

Increases speed and insulates neurons in transporting action potentials and messages so less energy is used.

Astrocytes

Help with regulation of ECF values around cells, like potassium levels and neurotransmitters which are important in the conductance of action potentials