All Doctrines

Truman/Marshall Plan (1947)

Carter

Reagan

Influenced by the Long Telegram

Truman proposed that the US do everything to prevent the oppression that Communism represented - i.e. funding/helping (w/ troops) the governments which try to resist Communism

Based on the idea of containment - preventing the spread of Communism

The Marshall Plan was a practical application of the doctrine - providing economic aid to European economies, which would make Communism seem less appealing

Offered to Soviet states, but only if they agreed to allow the Americans to audit their finances; something Stalin would never allow, so they didn't receive any.

Seen as 'Dollar Imperialism' by Stalin - he saw it as the USA undermining the UN, and spreading its own influence

The Soviet equivelant was Cominform/Comecon - which promoted, and helped the Soviet states to trade with oneanother

Khrushchev

Once he emerged as Stalin's successor, he was quick to critisice Stalin's policies, and promoted co-operation with the West

However, it was not to be; the Hungarian Uprising was crushed a few years later, despite Khrushchev's reassurance

Ultimatum

Issued first to Eisenhower in 1958, and later to Kennedy in 1961, at the Vienna summit

Demanded that Berlin be demilitarised, and become a free city - or else hand over control of the routes into East Germany's hands; a clever move, as it'd force the West to acknowledge its existance

Brezhnev (1968)

Stated that the actions of any individual nation affected all Communist countries - and thus, if they threatened others, the others would prevent them (i.e. the Warsaw Pact would invade)

Said after the Prague Spring - basically prevented any Communist nation from becoming too liberal

After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Carter stated that the Americans would repel any threat to the USA, with force, in the Persian Gulf, if necessary

Stricter form of the Truman Doctrine - the USA would not only support governments, but also anti-Communist groups

Led to the 'rollback' of Communism in places such as Grenada and El Salvador

Gorbachev (1985)

Proposed perestroika and glasnost - reforming the Soviet economy, and increased 'openness' (less corruption, more freedom of speech etc.)

Dropped the Gorbachev Doctrine - which then led to/allowed the Communist states to leave (1989)