Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Demography (Birth rate (Factors determining birth rate (How fertile…
Demography
Birth rate
= no live births per 1000 of the population per year
Fluctuation
Three baby booms in 20th century
1) WW1 1914-1918
2) WW2 1939-1945
Returning servicemen
3) 1960s
Dropped sharply during 1970s
Factors determining birth rate
Proportion of women who are of childbearing age
15-44 y/o
How fertile
= how many children they have
UK's TFR has risen since 2001
But is still much lower than in the past
Changes in birth and fertility rate reflects
More women are remaining childless than in the past
Women are postponing having children
Average age for giving birth now: 29.6
Fertility rates for women in 30s+40s are on the increase
Older women may be less fertile / have fewer fertile years remaining
So produce fewer children
Reasons for the decline in the birth rate since 1990s
Changes in position of women
There were major changes in the position of women during the 20th century
Legal equality w/ men
Including the right to vote
Increased educational opportunities
Girls now do better at school than boys
More women in paid employment
Laws outlawing unequal pay and sex discrimination
Changes in attitudes to family life and women's role
Easier access to divorce
Access to abortion and reliable contraception
Giving women more control over their fertility
These changes mean women now see other possibilities in life
Apart from the traditional role of housewife and mother
Many choosing to delay childbearing, or not to have children at all
In order to pursue a career
E.g. 2006, 1/5 women aged 45 was childless
Double the no of 20 years earlier
Decline in infant mortality rate
= no infants who die before their first b'day per thousand babies born alive, per year