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Nutrition in Human Beings (5. SMALL INTESTINE (Longest part of the…
Nutrition in Human Beings
4. SPHINCTER MUSCLE
Regulates the exit of the food from stomach into the small intestine in small amounts
5. SMALL INTESTINE
Longest part of the alimentary canal - fitted into a compact space through extensive coiling
Herbivores that eat grass have longer small intestine to digest cellulose
Carnivores have shorter small intestine as meat is easy to digest
Details in next mind map
6. LARGE INTESTINE
The unabsorbed food is sent to the large intestine
The villi on the lining of the intestine absorb water from this
The remaining material is removed through the anus
1. MOUTH
The food is crushed by teeth to generate particles that are small and of the same texture.
Since the
lining
of the alimentary canal is
soft
, the food is
wetted
to make its passage smooth
Saliva is secreted by salivary glands.
It contains the enzyme
salivary amylase
that breaks down
starch
to form
sugar
The food is thoroughly mixed with saliva and moved around the mouth by the
muscular tongue
Alimentary canal
It is a long tube extending from the mouth to the anus.
The lining of the alimentary canal has muscles that contract rhythmically to push the food forward. These
peristaltic movements
occur all along the gut
2. OESOPHAGUS
Also called
food pipe
, transports food from mouth to stomach
3. STOMACH
A large organ the expands when food enters it
Gastric glands present in wall of the stomach secrete digestive juices that gets mixed with food
The glands release hydrochloric acid, a digestive enzyme called pepsin and mucus
3.1. HCl - creates an acidic medium that is required for the action of pepsin
3.2. The mucus protects the inner lining of the stomach from the action of acid
3.3.
Pepsin
is an enzyme that
digests proteins