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Homeostasis and response (Contraception (Oral contraceptives that contain…
Homeostasis and response
Homeostasis: regulation of the internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for function in response to internal and external changes
in the body this includes the control of:
- blood glucose concentration
- body temperature
- water levels
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The human nervous system: enables humans to react to their surroundings and to coordinate their behaviour
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information from receptors passes along cells (neurones) as electrical impulses to the central nervous system (CNS). The CNA is the brain and spinal cord. The CNS coordinates the response of effectors which may be muscles contracting or glands secreting hormones
the connection between two neurones is called a synapse. The nerve signal is transferred by chemicals which diffuse across the gap
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reflex arc:
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3) impulses are passed along a relay neurone, via synapses
4) impulses travel along a motor neurone, via a synapse
5) when impulses reach muscle, it contracts
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Human Endocrine System
composed of glands which secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream. The blood carries the hormone to a target organ where it produces an effect.
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hormones are chemical molecules released directly into the blood - control things in organs and cells that need constant adjustment
Pituitary gland: in the brain, is a 'master gland' which secretes several hormones into the blood in response to body conditions.
These hormones in turn act on other glands to stimulate other hormones to be released to bring about effects
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Contraception
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Injection, Implant or Skin Patch of slow release progesterone to inhabit the maturation and release of eggs for a number of months or years
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progesterone inhibits release of LH & FSH - stimulates the production of thick mucus which prevents any sperm getting through and reaching the egg
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Negative Feedback
Adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands in times of fear or stress. It increases the heart rate and boosts the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles, preparing the body for 'flight or fight'
Thyroxine from the thyroid gland stimulates the basal metabolic rate. It plays an important role in growth and development - thyroxine levels are controlled by negative feedback