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Neuroanatomy (Meninges: protective sheath around brain and S.C
(3 layers)…
Neuroanatomy
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Metencephalon
Pons (part of bran stem): bulge; b/w mesen. and medulla , ventral to cerebellum
- Reticular formation
◦ Sleep and arousal
- Relay Nuclei
-Pontine Nuclei
-info from cortex ->cerebellum
Cerebellum : Dorsal to pons
- 2 cerebellar hemispheres
- MOTOR SYSTEM!!!
- movement/timing of info
- complex movement patterns (playing piano, layup)
Myelencephalon
Medulla Oblongata (part of Brain stem); Most caudal portion of the brain
- Reticular Formation
-regulates Cardiovascular System, breathing, skeletal muscle tone
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Telencephalon
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Cortex
- Sulci (fissures/large grooves) surrounds gyri (ridges)
- Lissencephaly: lacks the grooves ->developmental delays
Structure of Layers:
- 3-5 layers = older, archicortx or paleocortex
- 6 layers = newer; neocortex
Divisions
- Prefrontal cortex: all cortical areas rostral to the motor association cortex; planning and strategizing
- Frontal lobe: region anterior/rostral to the central fissure
- Parietal lobe: on the side of the cerebral hemisphere posterior/caudal to the central fissure
- Temporal lobe: area ventral to the lateral fissure on the sides of the brain (ventral to the frontal and parietal lobes)
- Occipital lobe: posterior end of brain caudal to the parietal lobe
- Association areas: Perceiving, learning, remembering, planning, & acting
- Sensory association cortex: perceiving, storing memories
- Motor association cortex: planning, execution of movements
Diencephalon
Limbic System: Learning, emotion, memory
- Hippocampus: learning and memory
- Amygdala: rostral end of temporal lobe; emotion, fear, specific types of learning/memory
- Cingulate Cortex: region above corpus callosum
- Nucleus Accumbens: reward, pleasure, aggression, impulsivity
Basal Ganglia : Telencephalon & Diencephalon
- Caudate
- Putamen
-striatum: caudate + putamen
- Globus Pallidus
- Thalamus (specific areas)
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Ventricular System:
- brain needs protection
- filled with cerebrospinal fluid
- ventricles: hollow spaces in brain
- choroid plexus: makes CSF using components from blood
circulation of CSF goes from lateral ventricle -> 3rd ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> 4th Ventricle -> openings in subarachroid space -> reabsorbed into blood
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