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Ecology (Organism: is a living thing (Population: Consists of all the…
Ecology
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Habitat is a place where a population of organisms live. There is usually more than one population in the same habitat.
The living conditions are different in different habitats. Thus, the types of organisms found in one habitat will be different from the types of organisms found in another habitat. Habitats can be artificial or natural.
Populations living in the same habitat are therefore said to be interdependent. All the populations living in a habitat are linked together. They may depend on one another for survival, or for completing their life cycle.
For example, animal population in a habitat depends on plant populations for shelter and protection, places to lay their eggs or hide their young, food, the oxygen that plants produce during photosynthesis
The plant populations depend on the animal populations to pollinate their flowers, disperse seeds and fruits, for animal wastes, which enriches soil with nutrients that plants can use
A community consists of different populations or organisms living together and interacting in a single habitat
The populations in a community are interdependent as they live together and depend on one another for survival
The environment of an organism is made up of living and non-living things that affect the organism, called living and non-living factors. Non-living factors in an environment include light, temperature, air, water and soil.
Light: The amount of light from the Sun affects the temperature of our surroundings. Plants need light energy to carry out photosynthesis. Light helps predators to see their prey. Some prey only comes out at night in order to avoid their predators.
Temperature: Organisms are adapted to live within a particular temperature range. Organisms need water to carry out life processes. The temperature of the surroundings affects the amount of water available to them. Decrease in temp to zero and below - water freezes and amount of liquid water decreases. Increase in temp to above zero degrees - water evaporates and amount of liquid water decreases.
Air: affects survival of an organism. Org need oxygen to carry out respiration and will die if not enough oxygen is made available to them. Plants need carbon dioxide to carry out photosynthesis to produce oxygen. Less air is available in places that are high up on the mountains.
Water: organisms need water to carry out life processes such as respiration and photosynthesis. Water is used to transport dissolved gases, food and waste through the bodies of organisms. Some organisms need water to help them complete their life processes.
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The living factors in an environment are all the living things that an organism interacts with. These include the availability of food and the kind of organisms present. Living Factors: FOOD. Availability of food can affect the survival of an organism. Plants can make their own food. Other organism depend directly or indirectly on the food made by plants.
Living Factors: Other organisms interact with other organisms living in the same habitat. Some bacteria and fungi are decomposers. They get their food by breaking down dead organisms and animal waster into simpler substances. The substances serve as nutrients in the soil and are used up by plants. Some organisms, such as certain bacteria and fungi, can cause disease in other organisms.