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cold war (the coferences (potsdam (tensions were particularly high as both…

- - - - It was agreed that Germany would be split along with berlin
        
        there were disagreements as Truman disagreed with polish borders which had been previously arranged and Truman also tested the atomic bomb without informing Stalin
  - - - they agreed to set up an international body so disbutes can be settled peacefully.Russia agreed to declare war on Japan and the aim of war was to bring about the unconditional surrender of Germany
        
        Russia wanted a second frount but gb and usa disagreed
  - - - they agreed that grmany would be split into 4 zones after the war and Germany would have to pay 20 billion and the Nazi party would be banned
- - - - Krushchev refused to accept Hungary leaving the warsaw pact do they sent thousands of soviet soilders and tanksinto hungary
        
        Nagy was arrested and excecuted
        
        UN declared disghust at the treatment of the Hungarians
- - - - all acess was blocked to berlin meaning the only way in was by plane-the usa dropped food and medicine-this was the first real test for Americas policy of containment-the airlift lasted 11 months
        
        consequences
        
        usa and uk were made to look powerful so Stalin wanted to redeem his power increasing the rate he produced the atomic bomb leading to it being fully functioning by 1949
        
        Satellita states were fearful so uk and usa had to use their power in order to protect them so therefore they formed nation 1949
- - - - Czechoslovakia 1948:Was the last European country to fall to communism ,elections were rigged preventing any non-communist groups from having power
        
        The consequences of the soviet expansion in Eastern Europe
        
        the iron curtain speech:was said by Churchill and stated that the allies had spent 6 years fighting for freedom from Fascism in Europe,only to have half the continent under soviet dictatorship.
        
        Long telegram 1946:George kennan produced a summary of what the soviets were doing stating the soviets were heavily armed and feared the outside world
        
        Novikov telegram:was russias response to the longtelegram writtern by a soviet ambassador which stated the ussr were strong and secure with a buffer zone of protection
- - - - his new plan removed state controls on industry and allowed freedom of speech, for four months Czechoslovakia had freedom
        
        at a meeting Brezhnev read out a letter from czechoslovakias undercover communists who asked for help-Brezhnev went onto annonce the brezhenev doctrine which stated that no country can reject communism
        
        500,000 warsaw troops invaded Czechoslovakia the Czechoslovakians did not fight the soilders they just stood in frount of the tanks and put flowers in their hair
        
        Brezhnev was arrested.It displayed the unpopularity of communism and was unsuccessful for Russia as it drained their economey
- - - - Later on in 1961 castro asked for weapons from Russia and they publicly promised them by 1962 the americans discovered a missile site
        
        Kennedy did not dare invade Cuba but could not let missile sites to be completed so therefore he put a naval blockade around cuba
        
        Russia saw this as an act of war and Russian forces were put on alert and us bombers were put in the sky with nuclear bombs the russias sent a telegram offering if they removed cuba's missiles turkeys missiles and the blockade should be removed
        
        consequences -tensions rose to an all time high -west saw kennedy as a hero as turkey deal was kept quite -krushchev claimed to have won however he lost prestige
- - - - pushing krushchev to close all the borders originally it was a properganda success
- - - - consequences of the Truman doctrine and the marshall plan
        
        Stalin stated it was "dollar imperialism"
        
        cominform was started in 1947which was a communist alliance which banned members for receiving marshall aid
- - - - at the summit krushchev demanded the president Eisenhower appoligised but he refused and krushchev went back to russia
- - - - the achievements of détente were
        
        the salt 1 treaty were they agree to reduce nuclear arms such as antiballistic missiles and bombers
        
        nuclear non proliferation treaty was signed and this stated that nuclear weapons would not be given to other countries
        
        the Helsinki agreement recognised soviet control over eastern Europe and concluded trade agreements and Russia agreed to respect human rights 1975
- - - - by 1985 the soviet union was in trouble and when gorbechev came to power he withdrew from afghanistanm -he realised the ussr could no longer afford the arms race and opened START strategic arms reduction talks-he began to reform with policies of perestroika(freedom in business) and glasnost(freedom) of speech
        
        his new policies lead to velvet revoultions and free elections were held in Poland in 1989 with the first non communist president coming to power-revoultions began to happen all over eastern Europe and notably lead to the fall of the berlin wall in 1989