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Week 7: Educational testing (Basics (Seuguin Form Bould Test 1907 - one of…

- - - - multiteired approach and framework to support students w LDs, comm in US states, teachers test class as a whole for screening, ident student w probs, do intervention then retest
      - 3 lvls: Teir 1 - students still in classroom environment, supplement instructions w a classroom routine, 80% learn fine this way
      - Tier 2 - targeted interventions in small groups, taught be same teachers, then retest
      - Tier 3 - if prev intervention x work intensive 1:1 intervention, about 3-6% of tier 2 will move to tier 3, if still x enough may be referred to specialist & a learning disability
    - - based on Vygotsky's zone of proximal development - 1. can do task on own, 2. zone of prox dev, can do task w some 'scaffolding'/help, 3. cannot do task
      - foc on maximising students learning dev, x fixed tests, based on test-intervention-retest model, aims to get students to take control of the task, & individ approach for ea student. x do in groups
      - dif from traditional assessm: assessors x remain neutral, want kids to do best/show their potential, variations can be used to help perf, howev some validity q bc of the process
- - - - Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale - babies 3 days to 4 weeks old, provides index of newborn competence, produces 47 scores, one most comm used sclaes of neonatal assessem
      - widely used in res & diagnostic tool (effects of low birthweight in preterm infants, mothers iron deficiency, alcohol/smoking, gender difs,
      - howev, no norms available, more res needed on meaning & implications of scores, x great predictive or constructive validity, x predict later intell, prob bc kids dev differently, test retest val is poor for kids under 8 years
    - - Gesell Dev'mental Schedule - one of oldest most established infant intell tests, for kids 2.3 years to 6.3 years
      - used in res (explore dev'ment after mercury poisioning, autism & other uterine probs
      - has normative data for dif stages of dev'ment, puts kids on maturity scale, howev sample x representative & only strong predictor for lower ends of intell
      - has dev'ment quotient sim to MA, IQ = Dev'ment quotient / actual age, assesses fine/gross motor movements, adaptive, lang, personal sociabilty
    - - Bayley Scale of Infant & Toddler Development III - produced after 40 years of res, for kids 1-42 months, assess cog & lang, motor & socio-emotional & adaptive skills, one of most systematic and psychomet sound tests of its kind
      - goal to have better intevention planning, has good representtive sample, howev may underestimate intell bc sample may be slightly lower in ability
      - gives scaled scores for all 5 domains & CI, v reliable .80s & .90s, validity improves w age, useful for making early diagnosis of learning disability
      - widely used in res (dev'ment dis, lang probsl, drug affected infance, HIV pos infants, other at risk infants), howev x predict future intell bt x tests really can
    - - Cattell Infant Intelligence Scale - designed as downward scale of Stanford-Binet, for kids 2 to 30 months
      - howev is rarely used today bc x been revised, x strong standardization, Bayley predicts SB IQ better than Cattell, x strong psychometrics
  - - - x compete w Weschler anymore bc McCarthy died before test was published, howev good bc produces pattern scores as well as composite scores, can combine various subsets to form composite (very import contribution of McCarthy)
      - rel good pyschometrics, some evid of factorial & predictive val, howev used lots in research (nutrition supplements, air pollution, rel bet autism & intell), found interventions benefit kids in many ways, showed supp for parent, cog & emotional stim & support
      - McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities - for kids 2 to 8 years, assesses verbal, perceptual, quantitative, memory & motor, has 18 tests, 15 combined to create general cognitive index (GCI)
- - - - Kuhlmann-Anderson Test VIII - 8 seperate lvls from kinder to 8th grade, primarily non-verbal, x need eng skills, gives quantitative & total scores & gives percentile bands
      - excellent psychometrics, test-retest, split 1/2, 10,000 normative sample, well documented validity
      - v good for non-eng speaking pax
    - - Henmon-Nelson Test - tests mental ability at all grades, only produces single score, normed by age & grade, controversy over single score
      - extremely psychomet strong test, strong corr w grades, high rel, can help predict future perf
      - howev x consider multiple intell & x check for bias towards minorities, needs caution when eval edcuationally disavd & extreme scores (below 80, over 130)
    - - Cognitive Abilities Test Form 7 - meas of fluid intelligence, 3 seperate scores (verbal, non-verbal, quantitative
      - high rel, better than H-NT for minority gr, better for ESD pax, culturally/ethnically diverse, took v specific steps to eliminate cultural bias, also v senstive to giftedness & good predictor of future perf
  - - - Wide Range Achievement Test - for kids 5+ & has 2 lvls of achievement, estimates grade lvl functioning in word reading, spelling, maths, sentence comprehension, non verbal reasoning
      - early criticism bt revised and now provides quick, simple & psychomet sound meas of imp acad skills, good for practice effects (2 equiv forms)
      - howev still some val probs, internal consistency & alternate forms are good, howev sample sizes too small for discriminate or convergent val
      - 4 subtests: word reading, spelling list, maths computation, sentence comprehension
    - - Standford Achievement Test - one of oldest most widely used achivement tests, now 10th edition, from kinder - 12th grade, good psychometrics
      - assesses: spelling, reading, lang, arts, social studies, science, maths, listening comprehension
    - - Metropolitan Achivement Test - one of most widely used , well standardised, normed psychomet sound
      - assess vocab, word recognition, reading, maths, sec studies etc