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Genetics (variation (Characteristics of animal and plant species can be…
Genetics
genes : + DNA
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The only people who have the same genetic material is identical twins. This means they are often used to see the effect of environmental factors on people because their inherited characteristics are identical
dominant genes. Recessive genes
- brown eyes. - blue eyes
- brown hair. - blonde hair
- free lobed ears. - attached lobed ears
- black skin. - white skin
- dimples. - no dimples
- freckles. - no freckles
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variation
explantion
Variation in a characteristic that is a result of genetic information from the parents is called inherited variation.
Children usually look a little like their father, and a little like their mother, but they will not be identical to either of their parents. This is because they get half of their DNA and inherited features from each parent.
Each egg cell and each sperm cell contains half of the genetic information needed for an individual. When these join at fertilisation a new cell is formed with all the genetic information needed for an individual.
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All people are human. They belong to the same species. The presence of differences between living things of the same species is called variation. Variation between different species is usually greater than the variation within a species.
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For example, you will become heavier if you eat too much food, and you will become lighter if you eat too little. A plant in the shade of a big tree will grow taller as it tries to reach more light.
animal kingdoms
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The classified names for the animals kingdoms, family etc are all Latin
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selective breeding
Individuals of the same species can reproduce to make more individuals of the same species. Two individuals belonging to different species cannot normally reproduce together. If they do, their offspring is often infertile and unable to reproduce.
A species is a group of similar organisms that can breed with one another to produce fertile offspring. For example, humans are one species and dogs are another species.
For example, suppose you wanted a variety of cow that produced a lot of milk. This is what you could do:
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keep repeating the process of selection and breeding until you produce a breed that consistently produces a lot of milk
Sometimes individuals from two different species can reproduce. For example, animals called ligers are produced when a male lion and a female tiger reproduce. Tigons are produced when a female lion and male tiger have cubs. Unlike many young from different species, ligers and tigons can have offspring.
