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Humanities study Year 9 Semester 1 (World War 1 (5.1 Causes of WW1…

- - - - Described as the first modern war
        
        Machine guns
        
        Tanks
        
        Poisonous gas
        
        Submarines
        
        Aircraft
      - Millions died
      - Catalyst for change
      - Borders of Europe redrawn after
      - Described as first total war where nations mobilised all of their available war effort
      - 1914-1918
  - - - Close relations
      - Some royalty were related through Queen Victoria
      - National rivalries and jealousy
      - Wanted more territory
    - - Triple Entente
        
        Britain
        
        Japan had signed a treaty with Britain so they fought on the side of the Entente
        
        France
        
        Russia
        
        All British colonies (Including Australia) were automatically a part of the Entente
      - Triple Alliance
        
        Austra-Hungary
        
        Italy
        
        Germany
      - A pact of non aggression and sometimes protection countries form
    - - Definition: The policy of one country extending it's empire
      - European countries tried to extend theirs in Africa by making colonies there
      - Britain had Australia, India and many other sections of it's empire that it had captured through imperialism
      - Britain, France and Germany were the main rivals for new colonies
    - - There was an arms race in Europe
      - Definition: The mindset of military expansion
      - Idea that if they all had the same weapons war would not break out, so every time another country got more weapons the others would try to catch up.
    - - Definition: A sense of pride and love in one's nation
      - Played a huge role in Europe at the time
      - Contributed to the form of empires and countries as federations
    - - Killed by a Serbian nationalist
      - Royal visit to recently captured area, Serbia wanted that area
      - He was part of Austria-Hungary
      - Russia supported Serbia
      - This meant that the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance were now officially at war when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia because of the assassination.
    - - Direct result of the alliance system; Russia was allied with Serbia so when Austria Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia was obligated to as well and this made a domino effect
      - Many countries declared war
      - Ended up as Triple Entente vs Triple Alliance
    - - A plan put in place by Germany if they had to fight a war on two fronts (Russia on one side, France on the other)
      - As you can see in this image Germany is between two enemies
      - The plan was to invade France by going through Belgium so they would surprise France by fighting on another front
      - This plan relied on a few assumptions
        
        Belgium could not resist any German attack
        
        Belgium resisted and Britain got involved
        
        Belgium would remain neutral
        
        Belgium fought the German forces invading them, but did not join the war on either side
        
        France could be easily defeated in 6 weeks
        
        They were not defeated in 6 weeks
        
        That Russia would take 6 weeks at least to prepare for war
      - Britain had signed a treaty to protect Belgium in 1834 so when the plan was implemented, Britain got involved in the war to protect Belgium
    - - Reasons why young Australian's joined the war
        
        Thought it would be an adventure
        
        To see the world
        
        To meet French girls
        
        Social Pressure
        
        Thought it was like sport
        
        Anxious to prove the young nation
        
        Loyalty to Britain
        
        Good pay
        
        Hatred of the enemy
        
        Women encouraged their husbands to enlist
        
        Heroic notion
      - Initially promised Britain 20,000 men and ended up with 50,000 because of the enthusiasm.
      - When Britain went to war, Australia was required to as well
      - Among those who offered service were Indigenous Australians, of whom only 400 were accepted into service. These soldiers did not receive the same benefits post war as their European counterparts
      - Groups that questioned the war
        
        Jehovah's witnesses
        
        Women peace army
        
        Pacifists
  - - - Across a large part of the world and involved many countries
      - New technology
        
        Machine Guns that could fire at rates never conceived before
        
        Gas that could kill all in the area
        
        Tanks that could run over trenches
        
        Aircraft battles became more normal and deadly
        
        Communications
        
        Radio
        
        Telephones
        
        Runners (Not technology, people)
        
        Animals were still used due to the weight of the phone and the radios
    - - https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/LF9780195572339-10/cfi/21!/4/4@0.00:4.78
        Good image of the powers in Europe and the fronts
      - Western front and the eastern front were the main theatres of war
        
        Eastern front was between Germany, Austria-Hungary and the ottoman empire on one side and Russia on the other
        
        Western Front was between Germany and France, with Belgium in the middle, though they were neutral.
        
        There were other fronts and areas of battle but these were the main two
        
        Britain is an island so they had no fronts on land but their forces fought on both fronts and other areas
- - - - Born with these rights
      - Government should protect those rights
      - Basic rights: Life, Liberty and Property
    - - Separation of power in the government (Executive, Judicial and Legislative)
    - - Thought people were evil and selfish
      - Thought they needed a absolute monarch
    - - Contract between the government and the people
      - If the government breaks that contract the people can make a new government
    - - Thought the state and the church should be separate
      - Believed in religious freedom