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Women Turning Point Essay (Political (Gilded Age (Women could not vote.…
Women Turning Point Essay
Political
Gilded Age
Women could not vote.
15th Amendment
left them out.
NWSA (National Women's Suffrage Association
) formed in 1869.
1890-1905
, they had
17,000
members. Campaigned for the vote
WW1 & 20s
1920 =
19th Amendment
, giving women the vote. However
20 states
already had given women the vote
Women didn't promote politics,
copied
their husbands vote. Also had a low turnout at first available vote
New Deal
Florence Allen
becomes first female judge,
Frances Perkins
becomes first female member of cabinet
Only
9
women in politics by
1939
WW2
Focused mainly on men.
1944 Serviceman Readjustment Act
focused on putting veterans into higher education.
Only
11
women in congress
60s
Number of women in congress increased slowly by
1969
Economic
Gilded Age
1900
=
5 million
worked
Immigrants
worked
70 hours
for only
$5
per week
17%
of
unmarried
women worked but only
13%
of married women worked
WW1 and 20s
1918
=
1 million
in industries,
11,000
worked in the
Navy
Working women increased by
2 million
Had to leave jobs after soldiers
returned
and were paid
less
New Deal
1935 Social Security Act
(provided aid for elderly, unemployed, and children in poverty) only benefitted poor families and not women
Fair Labor Standards Act 1938
only set wage for men
Only
7%
of
CWA (Civil Works Administration)
jobs were occupied by women
Female teachers earned
20%
less
WW2
1945
=
5 million
more working women than in 1940.
350,000
women joined the armed forces.
After the war, women were happy to leave when the men returned
60s
Twice as many
women working due to
1963 Equal Pay Act
and
1964 Civil Rights Act
.
Social
Gilded Age
Separate spheres barred women from working
Expected to focus on home/family
No pathway to white-collar jobs
Men had managerial roles over women
WW1 and 20s
Flappers
became popular (women who worse short skirts, had a bob and listened to Jazz).
Older
generation disapproved
Margaret Sanger
opened the first abortion clinic in New York
1923
. Abortions were still
illegal though
ABCL (American Birth Control League)
had
227,500
members
New Deal
1938
, the
Comstock Laws
were repealed, allowing abortion. However, individual
states
kept their own laws regarding abortion
WW2
75%
of married women wanted to remain employed.
Media showed separate spheres being better for marriage
Women only go to college to find a husband
60s
1964 Civil Rights Act
New feminism,
'The Feminine Mystique'
by
Betty Friedan
. Said that women were only struggling because the believed they had to come across as feminine
Still had to focus on childcare, led to a
lack of change