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The Geosphere (Layers and Minerals (The Geosphere (3 layers (Mantle…

- - - - Mantle
        
        Solid and soft
        
        Occupies most of the interior of Earth
        
        Common rock
        
        Peridotite
      - Core
        
        Made up
        
        Nickel
        
        Iron
        
        2 parts
        
        Inner core
        
        Solid
        
        Outer core
        
        Liquid
        
        The hottest part of the Earth
      - Crust
        
        The thinnest layer
        
        Earth's surface
        
        Common rocks
        
        Granite
        
        Basalt
        
        Slate
  - - - Natural
        
        Man made
        
        Glass window
        
        Excluded
        
        Plastic
        
        Porcelain
      - Inorganic
        
        From living things
      - Solid
        
        No
        
        Liquid
        
        Gases
      - Chemical recipe
    - - Cristalline Structure
        
        Particular, repeating geometric shape a mineral's particles show
        
        We can see it with the naked eye
      - Colour and Streak (mancha)
        
        Characteristic colour
        
        Sulphur - Yellow
        
        Malachite - Green
        
        Several different colours
        
        Quartz
      - Hardness
        
        The resistance of a mineral to being scratched by another mineral or object.
        
        Mohs scale
        
        Calcite - 4. Fluorite
        
        Apatite - 6. Orthoclase Feldspar
        
        Talc - 2. Gypsun
        
        Quartz - 8. Topaz
        
        Corundum - 10. Diamond
      - Tenacity
        
        Resistance of a mineral has to breaking or bending if it's hit or deformed.
        
        If it breaks easily it's brittle. If not it's tough.
      - Fracture and cleavage
        
        How a mineral breaks when hit
        
        Cleavage
        
        Regular shaped pieces
        
        Fracture
        
        Irregular shaped pieces
- - - - Several minerals
      - 1 Mineral
    - - It depends on:
        
        size
        
        distribution of the grains
        
        the form
        
        crystall it contain
    - - Igneous
        
        Molten rocks from the Mantle rocks
        
        2 types
        
        Volcanic
        
        When lava on the Earth's surface cools or solidifies
        
        Examples
        
        Plumice
        
        Basalt
        
        Glassy appearence
        
        Sometimes they trap or bubbles inside
        
        Plutonic Rocks
        
        Formed when magma under the Earth's surface cools and solidifies.
        
        They often have crystals that are easy to see (they solidifies slowly)
        
        Examples
        
        Peridotite
        
        Granite
      - Sedimentary
        
        Types
        
        Sandstones
        
        Clays
        
        Conglomerate
        
        These are sedimentary rocks with grains (called clasts)
        
        Joining the clasts the together is a finer material which is called Matrix
        
        They have formed the compaction of
        
        Sediments
        
        Fragments of older Rocks
      - Metamorphic Rocks
        
        Examples
        
        Schist: It's crystals can be seen easily.
        
        Gneiss: This is formed of larger crystals than schist.
        
        Slate: It has very tiny crystals, not visible to the naked eye.
        
        Some of them have layered form (called Foliation)
        
        They have been transformed over time by and,
        
        pressure
        
        deep under the ground
        
        intense heat