Copyright
Right to prevent others from copying
Copyright Act (Cap. 63)
Protection
'original works'
expressed in tangible form
expression (tangible form) of ideas
Symbol
give notice that copyright is being claimed
not necessary to use to get copyright
does not mean acquisition of copyright or give up copyright if not used
stops defendant from claiming unaware material was copyright protected
automatically conferred on author
as soon as
work is created
and fixed in material or tangible form
no registration in SG
Owner
usually author/creator
Exceptions
Commissioned work
Created while employed
Assigned by contract to Assignee
effort, skill of author
does not have to be good or artistic
idea does not have to be new or original
not a 'slavish copy' (exact replicas)
Substantial changes for 'copy' to be a different work
Classical works
Entrepreneurial rights
Live performances
Literary works
Dramatic works
Musical works
Artistic works
novels,, textbooks, computer prog, tables, written lyrics etc
words
not for single words, names, titles or slogans
Exclusive
right to prevent others from using
plays, screenplays (movie scripts)
no copyright
movie itself
show idea
acting style
special effect
make up
unless like 3D
no copyright for conventional makeip
tunes, musical scores
Not defined in Copyright Act
Use original meaning of words
Lyrics
Melody
painting, sculpture, drawing, engraving, photo, building, model of building
Works of artistic craftmanship
must have artistic quality
Case law
Kenrick v Lawrence
cross drawing for elections
owned by those who convert classical works into movies, sounds then broadcast
Movies, sound recordings
CDs, DVDs, VCDs, MPEG, Quicktime
TV, radio, cable broadcasts
owned by
singer
film producer
Owned by
songwriter
screenwriter
plays, dance, comedy, circus acts
no copyright
sports
news
participation in parade/audience
Rights
Literary, dramatic, musical
reproduce work in material form
publish the work
perform in public
communicate the work to the public
make adaptation of the work
do all of the above with the adaptations
artistic
reproduce the work in material form
publish the work
communicate the work to the public
s. 26 (1) (a), CA
s. 26 (1) (b), CA
Duration
Lifetime of creator +70 years
published after death
70 years after work revealed
Duration
70 years from end of year of publishing
TV, radio
50 years
Duration
published work
25 years
Infringement
Strict liability
intention not relevant
Primary infringement
Secondary infringement
does any of s. 26 acts without owner's permission
sellls/hires for trade purposes
need to be primary infringement first
Defences
Remedies
Creative Commons copyright licenses
Damages
$
Accounts for profits
Injunction
Order for delivery up
D deliver all copies of infringing copies to P or court for destruction
grant copyright permissions to creative work
Attribution (CC BY)
Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA)
Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)