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Occupational hazards in dental practice and their prevention. Chemical and…
Occupational hazards in dental practice and their prevention. Chemical and physical factors.
physical factors
noise
appliances eg compressor, sunction, handpiece
above 70dB, prolonged noise is risk
hearing disability, headache, disorders of cardiac function
prevention- isolate noisy equip in other rooms, soundproof cabinets, undamaged burs
vibrations
dental ergonomics makes this no longer dangerous though defective hand-pieces can cause harmful vibrations affecting sense of touch
elevated temp
prolonged sunlight, insufficient space, radiators too close to doctor/ patient
above 18-22 degrees C- sleepiness, tachycardia, headache, decrease productivity and attention, increase risk of mistakes
proper ventilation, proper use of heating
improper lighting
eyes strain, tired quickly, dim lighting, incorrect ratio of general to local lighting (10:1)
radiation risks
UV waves falling in eyes - damage retina, cataracts
blue light in eyes- thermal and photochemical damage of retina
use safety glasses and shields, to absorb 200-800nm waves
lasers eg red spectrum, infrared, different wavelengths etc
do not guide into eye or healthy tissues, reflective surfaces
black anodised tools
x ray equip
lead apron on patient
operator behind shield/ wall with lead
control cards to record radiation, no more than 100 millisieverts / year
frequent airing of office, expel the air
chemical factors eg drugs, meds, allergens, toxins, inflammatory reaction agents
mercury
headache, daytime sleepiness, insomnia at night, bad memory, tremors, salivation, nausea, diarrhoea , metal taste in mouth, ulcerative stomatitis
store mercury in closed containers in dark cool place
amalgam capsules, amalgamator in diff room
collect amalgam in waste container under water
floor with no gaps
ventilation of office
PPE and suction technique
proper mercury disposal using chemicals
use instrumental manipulation only
from amalgam can evaporate at room temp and enter resp tract, can accumulate in organs, chronic and sub acute poisoning, can cause allergic reactions
trioxymethylene
used for instrument sterilization
also known as formaldehyde,
not used anymore as it causes severe allergic reactions
medications
chloride-phenol-camphor (cold sores_
tricrezolformalin antispetic eg gangrene
iodine
causing latent or active allergy
monomer fast and slow curing resins
allergic reaction if too much residual monomer
resp allergy- cough, rhinitis, watery eyes, laryngeal edema
skin allergy- redness, itching, eczema
latex gloves, nickel surfaces of instruments
etching gel, adhesive, peroxide, hypochlorite- inflammatory reactions on skin and eyes, wear PPE