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Occupational hazards in dental practice and their prevention. Incorrect…
Occupational hazards in dental practice and their prevention. Incorrect working posture, stress, WRMSD
incorrect working posture
can cause disorders of locomotors system eg spine, muscles and blood vessels of limbs and pelvis
unbalanced, prolonged unilateral loading of spine, intercostal muscles and shoulder and pelvic muscles during forced, static working position
removing of nucleus pulposus, putting pressure on fibrous ring, pressing on spinal nerves.
chronic trauma and degeneration of intervertebral discs- discopathy, herniated disc, pain,
varicose complex- expansion and overflow of veins of lower limbs and pelvis due to ^ hydrostatic pressure, edema, ulceration
orthostatic syndrome- fatigue, deep breaths, yawning, tachycardia, poor attention span, sweating
prevention- working mainly in sitting position, alternating it with movements, exercise, macro and micro breaks, maintain optimal body weight
stress
when intensity and duration of stress exceeds potential capability of individual, distress syndrome occurs
distress syndrome- functional and structural changes in organs and systems, disease, death
general adaptation system
alarm stage- changes at biochemical and physiological level occcur in responce to stressors, hormonal mechanism for adaptation activated
resistance stage- increased defences to retain achieved adaptation, balance can be restored but if stressors act for long time, step 3 happens
exhaustion stage- compensatory capacity of body is depleted and disease appears.
forms
acute- eg bereavment, conviction, divorce
daily, chronic- everyday difficulties in household, finance issues etc
professional eg burnout syndrome
sources- see point 24
can cause
high BP
tachycardia
hyperfunction
immune dysfunction
hypertension
rheumatism
gastric ulcer
addisons disease
Work related musculoskeletal disorders WRMSDs
pain in head, neck, back, shoulders, elbows, wrists, limbs
caused by
repetitive movements
static neck head and back
holding small tools for long
carpal tunnel syndrome
compression of median nerve, due to trauma and fracturs of writst, pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, congestion hand, tumours in joints,
sensitivity of fingers, loss of muscle strength in hand
NSAIDs, immobilisation of wrist, physiotherapy,
WRMSD is first reason for early retirement of dentists
compliance with ergonomic rules, use of modern equip, adequate health standards