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Rome (Roman Republic (590 BC - 27 BC) (Rise of the plebeians (In the early…

- - - - The Consuls
        
        Highest officials
        
        Handled political affairs
        
        Roman citizens elected two consuls every year
        
        prevent absolute rule
      - The Senate
        
        Main advisory body of the consuls
        
        It had about 300 senators
        
        Most were patricians
        
        had the highest executuve power
        
        handled foreign affairs, distributed public fund
        
        During emergency, senate could appoint dictator
    - - The Romans setup different assemblies
      - All male citizens could vote in election for legislative assemblies
  - - - Rome began to expand as its population grew rapidly
      - By the 3rd century BC, Rom had conquered the whole of the Italian peninsula
    - - Carthage in northern Africa was growing larger
      - It was built by Phoenicians
      - A strong empire including present-day southern Spain, northern Africa and the island of Sicily
      - The biggest enemy of Rome
    - - Rome and Carthage fought the Punic Warsfor the control of the Mediterranean Sea
      - Between 264 BC and 146 BC
    - - Rome finally won the war and gain control of Sicily
      - 264 BC - 241 BC
    - - Carthage was forced to surrender its navy and the Iberian peninsula
      - Cathaginian general, Hannibal attacked Rome but was defeated in the end
      - 218 BC - 201 BC
    - - 149 BC - 146 BC
      - Roman wanted to destroy Carthage completely
      - Rome defeated Carthage and burned the city
      - More than 50000 Carthaginians were taken as prisoner-of-war
  - - - Caesar came from a patrician family
      - Caesar, Pompey and Crassus used their armies to take over Rome
      - Caesar was elected consul
    - - Senste persuaded Pompey to start a civil war
      - Caesar won the civil war
      - Caesar held all the power and was elected 'dictator for life'