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Asses the ways in which levels of segregation reflect cultural, economic…
Asses the ways in which levels of segregation reflect cultural, economic and social variation and change over time (15 marks)
London
In recent yeas Central London has attracted large number of the super-rich:
- 2016 = One Hyde Park in Knightsbridge was home to the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Qatar, a Ukrainian business oligarch, two Russian property developers, and the president of Kazakhstan.
- DELIBERATE SEGREGATION = a decision to live in self-contained, security-guarded enclaves
Why choose London
2014 Financial Times - reported that wealthy Russians were buying up London property to escape economic punishment - sections - that were imposed against Russia and also to protect their financial assets by purchasing overseas properties.
- Russia = top of the list of overseas buyers - estimated total spending a year = £500 million
- Approximately 100 Russian billionaires living in London - they were mostly concentrated in segregated enclaves in Central London - Kingstone / Westminster
London's attractions are mostly economic:
- Property in London is a good investment there is an average price increase of 10.4% per year
- The British pound holds values more consistently than the Russian rouble due to Russia's volatile economy and it dependency on oil and gas
- London s cals the main capital-raising centre for Russian companies and offers financial respectability - in 2013 = 28 Russian firms worth £260 billion were listed on the London's Stock Exchange
- The UK makes it easy for the wealthy to migrate - It grants three-year visas to those investing over £1 millions in government bonds then can then by residency for £10 million after two years - Between 2008 and 2014 = 433 visa were granted to Russians and 419 to Chinese
Other reasons:
- 1/3rd of Russians buying property in the UK do so to educate their children in private schools - in 2013 over 8% of non-British pupils in independent schools were Russian
- Crime rates in the UK are low - in 2014 London had fewer than 100 murders and the UK under 600 compared to Russias 16 00
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- OLIGARCH = a member of a small group of wealthy powerful people who control a country or organisation
- SEGREGATION = the separation of people of different backgrounds, wealth, cultures and nationalities
- ETHNIC = a social group identified by a distinctive culture, religion and language
- CULTURE = the ideas, beliefs, customs and social behaviour of a group or society
- ETHNIC SEGREGATION = the voluntary or enforced separation of people of different cultures or nationalities
- ASSIMILATION = the gradual integration of an immigrant group into the lifestyle and culture of the hot country sometimes at the expense of their own distinctiveness
- GENTRIFICATION = A change in social status where former working-class inner-city areas are increasingly occupied and renewed by the middle social class