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Theory of Justice (John Rawls (Natural lottery determines: (Our physical…

- - - - Wants to find principles of justice
      - Assumption about human nature:
        "Man is rational as well as reasonable"
        
        Rational: Motivated by self interest
        
        Reasonable: We are prepared
        to pursue our own self-interest
        in cooperation with others.
      - To ensure fairness, all rational
        and reasonable people should
        be able to agree on the principles
        
        Problem: In a real world
        we tend to be biased in our
        own favour
        
        Solution: The original position
        
        An equal impartial position
        in which we are behind the
        "veil of ignorance"
        
        We are ignorant about all of our own
        attributes that would lead us to be
        partial in our choice of principles of justice
        
        This is a thought experiment
        
        We can achieve
        reflective equilibrium
        
        Reflective: Everyone aware of
        procedures/method
        
        Equilibrium: As reasonable people
        everyone will be able to come to an
        agreement
      - Result
        
        Principle One:"Every person should have
        equal right to the most extensive scheme of
        equal basic liberties compatible with a similar
        scheme of liberties for others."
        
        Principle Two: Social and economic
        inequalities are to be arranged so that...
        
        They can reasonably be expected to
        maximize the position of the worst
        off in society. Difference Principle
        
        They are attached to offices and
        positions open to everyone
- - - - Protection against force, fraud and theft
      - Upholding of contracts
      - No right to interfere with our Lockean rights
        
        Life
        
        Liberty
        
        Property
  - - - Not all holdings have arisen
        in accordance with Nozick's
        three principles.
        
        Nozick suggests that we need
        a principle of rectification.
        
        Work out who would have gotten
        what, and make sure they get it.
        
        Problem
        
        What about large-scale injustice
        over a number of years?
        
        Nozick suggests we might need
        to apply a patterned principle of
        justice.
        
        Problem
        
        This is conflicting with Nozick's
        commitment to the minimal state
        and individual rights
      - Nozick's entitlement theory of justice
        relies upon Locke's theory of natural
        rights and the right to property and
        Locke's theory of acquisition.
        
        Nozick acknowledges that
        the theory of property acquisition
        could be problematic.