Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Social Change in Britain and Ireland 1750-1850 (Social change: Form farm…
Social Change in Britain and Ireland 1750-1850
Social change: Form farm to factory
Agriculture and Industrial Revolution
From the middle of the 18th century onwards, Britain went through a Agriculture and Industrial Revolution
In the Agricultural Revolution, changes in farming methods resulted in more food being produced
In the Industrial Revolution, goods such as clothes were now made in factories instead of in house in domestic industry
What were the causes of the Industrial Revolution?
Rising population: There was a greater demand for food and clothes; more workers were available
Profits from trade: Money was invested in factories
Agricultural Revolution: More food was grown; fewer workers were needed for farming
Manufacturing inventions: Investions in the cotton and woollen industry speeded up the production of both; steam engines provide power
Transport Revolution: Better roads, canals and railways were created so that greater loads could be carried
Coal and iron ore: Coal was used to power steam engines, iron was used to make machines
What was the Agricultural Revolution?
The Agricultural Revolution consisted of changes made to the system and methods of farming, which resulted in more food being produced
What was enclosure?
Changes from the three-field system that was divided into farms surrounded by fences and hedges, called enclosure
Old farming system had many faults and the new system had more strengths and fixed some of the problems
Weakness of the Old System (the three-field system)
One-third of the land was not used
Weeds spread easily
No machinery was used
Cattle and sheep were sparse
Strengths of the New System (Enclosure)
All the land was used
Famers could control there own land
Good farmers could introduce new farming methods and machinery
More food was produced for cities
New methods of farming
Norfolk Crop Rotation: Charles Townshed developed this system
Turnips and clover were now grown (as well as wheat and barley) so that all the land was used every year
Turnips were fed to the cattle in winter
Selective breeding: Robert Bakewell introduced new breading techniques so that cattle and sheep produced more meet
New machinery: Jethro Tull invented the seed drill. This scattered seeds evenly and the resulting crops were easier to weed
Cyrus McCormick invented the reaper, which enabled the faster harvesting of corn
Arthur Young wrote about the new methods and encouraged farmers to use them
Transport Revolution
The older methods were slow and expensive. the loads that could be carried were small
Roads: Thomas Telford and John McAdams introduced new road surface, which improved the roads
Turnpike trusts were companies which took over sections of roads, introduced toll gates and tools and used the money to maintain the roads
Canals: James Brindley built the first canal to carry coal from Worsley to Manchester
Aqueducts, tunnels and locks were used in the Canal Age - larger loads could now be carried
Railways: Richard Trevithick designed the small steam engine on wheels
The first goods train ran between Stockton and Darlington. The train was designed by George Stephenson
The first passenger line ran between Manchester and Liverpool. George and Robert Stephenson's Rocket won a competition to run along the line