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Neurogenetics (Genetic Disorders (X linked conditions (Males XY, females…

- - - - Huntington's Chorea
        single gene disorder
        Chromosome 4
  - - - X inactivation (females XX)
        both active in early development
        one X randomly turned off during embryogenesis
        all subsequent copies (daughter cells) have same version inactive
        females are 'mosaic' of inactive versions as some decendents will be from one version, and some from the other
        In males (XY) no inactivation, so X related disorder always present
        In females (XX) with random inactivation, varying levels of disorder
        Some regions will have lots, some won't.
        form of epigenetics #
- - - - Genes like books in reference library
        RNA (primary transcript) like photocopy of gene
        mRNA (mature transcript) highlighted photocopy with notes
        proteins made from mRNA
      - Genes turned on by transcription factors (also protiens)
        (e.g. CREB)
        transcription factors are in the cell, and activated at different times
        either during development or due to intracellular signalling cascades
      - Gene expression
        DNA partially unravels to allow transcription factors to bind to genes
        Transcription:
        DNA copied into messenger RNA (mRNA)
        Translation:
        ribosome attaches to mRNA
        moves along mRNA reading triplet codons (3 bases)
        uses transfer RNA (tRNA) to put together amino acid chain to make protien
    - - Mitosis - somatic cells
        daughter cells identical to parent cells
        diploid cells contain 2 copies of chromosome (one from mother one from father)
        copies made - 4 chromatids
        cell divides 2 copies stay, 2 in new cell
      - Meiosis - gametes
        Diploid cells make copies in same way as mitosis
        crossing over (recombination) between one mother chromosome and one from father
        
        Offspring all have 50% each father and mother DNA, but different 50%
        due to crossing over
        genetic diversity
      - Diploid cells - 43 chromosomes
        2 of each chromosome (one from mother and one from father)
        23 homologous pairs